This survey deals with various phenomena that occur in the translation of personal and geographical names, and problems and difficulties which may been countered in translation; and at the same time the survey provides, in so far as possible, suggestions which may lead to solving these problems. The text of the survey is divided into two directions of discussion: the translation of Occidental languages into Chinese, and vice versa. The former is subdivided into five sections: (1) inaccuracy of phonetic translation, (2) sinicization of a translation, (3) choice of the language base of phonetic translation, (4) nonuniformity of the translation of names, and (5) use of phonetic or literal translation.The latter contains three sections: (1) choice of the Chinese romanization system, (2) nonuniformity in the translation of names, and (3) frequent inability to restore the phonetic translation of names to the original Chinese ones. In conclusion, suggestions are made which can serve as principles in the translation of personal and geographical names, and an appeal is made to promote uniformity in the translation of names and to advocate unifying Chinese romanization systems.