日本MNE企業內貿易效果對母國與地主國產業競爭力影響之研究（以台灣、韓國、中國為實例比較）

The Study of the Effect of Intra-Firm Trade of Japanese MNE and the Influences on International Industry Competitiveness of Both Home Countries and Host Countries (In Contrast with Taiwan, Korea and C

林彩梅(Tsai-Mei Lin) ； 康傳林(Chuan-Lin Kang)

《文大商管學報》 9卷1期 (2004/04) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.30163/BR.200404.0001

摘要

一國經濟發展，有賴於企業國際化成長，MNE國際產業競爭力的提昇，更可擴展國內產業的國際競爭力。MNE採取「企業內貿易效果」策略，無論「輸出代替效果」、「逆輸入效果」以及「輸出誘發效果」都是 MNE 母子公司銷售總額，從加強「輸出代替效果」，可提昇母國的「輸出誘發效果」，地主國也能增加對母國「逆輸入效果」。因此本文以日本MNE為實例，依日本經濟產業省對外投資調查統計資料為依據並以2000年與1990年之比較，探討MNE「企業內貿易效果」對母國產業國際競爭力以及對地主國產業國際競爭力之影響。研究結果發現，日本MNE突破美國301貿易政策的威脅，大力擴展在美國市場之銷售高達90%，對 EU利用市場之特色，無論購買與銷售都以地主國加上EU國家為主。MNE製造業加強「輸出代替效果」，更加提昇母國「輸出誘發效果」，銷售總額高達日本外銷的二倍，因此對日本國家經濟發展之評估，應該是國內產業國際競爭力加上MNE國際產業國際競爭力之總合。MNE對地主國台灣、韓國、中國投資金額的改變，技術移轉績效的提昇，「輸出代替效果」也提昇，因而對母國「逆輸入效果」更增加，回銷日本輸出高達近4倍成長，其中中國產業對日本市場國際競爭力高於台灣與韓國，東亞三國在日本市場排名前五名的產品，必能持有高度國際市場競爭力，值得企業界之重視。

關鍵字

企業內貿易效果 ； 輸出代替效果 ； 逆輸入效果 ； 輸出誘發效果 ； 輸入轉換效果

並列摘要

The economic of a country development rely on the growth of the international business, to promote MNE international industry competitiveness in order to expand the international competitiveness of home industries. MNE adopts ”The strategy of the effect of intra-firm trade”, regardless of ”effect of replacement export” ”effect of adverse import” and ”effect of lead export” all belong to the total sale amount of MNEs' home companies and subsidiaries. Not only the reinforcement of the ”effect of replacement export” can increase the ”effect of lead export” of home countries, but also the host countries can expand the ”effect of adverse import” to home countries. Thus, this study is taking the example of Japanese MNE, in comparison between the year 2000 and the year 1990 to discuss the influences on international industry competitiveness of both home countries and host countries to the ”effect of intra-firm trade” of MNE in terms of the outward investment data from Ministry of Economic Affairs, Japan. This study suggested that Japanese MNE has overcome the threats under Section 301 of the Trade Act of the US with great exertion to develop the sale of American market has reached the rate of 90%. Regardless of buying and selling are host countries and EU which is the way that EU using the feature of market. The total sale amount of export in Japan has reached its twice because of MNE manufacturing industry reinforces the ”effect of replacement export”, which expands the ”effect of lead export” to home countries. Thus, in order to understand the economic development of Japan, the international competitiveness of home industry and the international competitiveness of MNE should be taken into account. Due to the investment changed from MNE to host countries, such as Taiwan, Korea and China, which helps technology transfer, the ”effect of replacement export” as well as the ”effect of adverse import” to home countries. Besides, the export back to Japan has reached four times in its development. The international competitiveness of Chinese industry to Japanese market is higher than Taiwan and Korea, thus, the top 5 products of these countries in Japanese market can get high international competitiveness.

並列關鍵字

The Effect of Intra-Firm Trade ； Effect of Replacement Export ； Effect of Adverse Import ； Effect of Change Import

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