「運動程式」的基模理論和動作技能表徵模式在柔道技能訓練上的應用

An Application of the Theory of Motor Program of the Schema and Motor Skill Representation Model on Judo Training

鄭吉祥(Chung gi-siang) ； 陳凱智(Chen kai-chih) ； 林清和(Lin ching-ho)

《文化體育學刊》 1輯 (2003/06) Pp. 101-112

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.200301.01.10

摘要

本文是以基模理論和動作技能表徵模式此兩種理論來進行文獻回顧，並將其觀念及論點應用在柔道技能訓練中。
基模是指一類事物的共同特徵，包括了一組原則，根據此原則可以建立這一類事務的原形。形成運動基模需有四種訊息來源：一、初期狀況的訊息；二、產生動作反應的特定規格；三、動作反應的感覺結果；四、動作反應結果。在練習過程中，所發展的運動基模有兩個層次，分別為回憶基模和再認基模。對動作技能記憶表徵形成，都是利用基模抽象模式來解釋。但此理論得不到支持，所以特殊範本模式興起。
根據上述理論，我們可以在柔道訓練中加以應用，總結以下幾點：一、攻擊技能多樣化；二、培養選手知覺預期的反應，進而做出反射性的反應；三、集中注意力和拋開消極不必要的想法；四、教練在比賽場外教練席督陣時，切忌提供多種訊息；五、培養選手的預期能力和判斷力；六、提升選手專注力品質等。最後希望以上幾點，能提供給國內教練與選手參考，對提升我國柔道實力有所助益。

關鍵字

基模理論 ； 動作技能表徵模式

並列摘要

This article are review the schema theory and motor skill representation model, and use it's view point on Judo training.
The schema is mean that the feature of the same thing, including the one set of principle. According this, it can build the model. The schema needs four source to build.1.the message of early stage.2.the formula to produce the respond movement.3.the sense result of respond movement.4. the sense of respond movement. In the process the schema, they are two points to develop the schema. They are recall and recognition schema.
To the motor skill representation model's model form, it always use the schema abstraction model to explain. But no one support this, and so specific examplar model spring up.
According the above theories, we get some conclusions as following:1.make your skills diversified.2.To develop the player's forecast.3.To focus on the court and throw the negative thinking away.4.Do not give the player the informations.5.To develop the abilities of the awareness and identification.6.To enhance the quality of attention .Finally, hope the above points will bring the coach and plays the benefits.

並列關鍵字

Schema Theory ； Motor Skill Representation Model