金門民宅身堵裝飾題材與構圖組合初探

金門民宅的裝飾作品，從屋脊、水車堵、牆身到山牆的脊墜，裝飾技法包括了交趾、泥塑、剪黏與彩繪，可以說在裝飾形式、題材、材料技法上，呈現豐富而多元的樣貌。本文以金門本島境內，2007年之前未經修復新作的民宅，其身堵保存完整且足供題材辨識與構圖分析的27戶，針對其裝飾的題材，及堵面之吉物組合與構圖，加以統計、歸納，嘗試理出其規律與原則。調查結果顯示，民宅左右身堵以螭龍團爐題材為飾，以及身堵施以邊框裝飾，兩者在台灣本島相當罕見，稱得上是金門民宅裝飾上的特色。而無論左右身堵的花鳥題材，或對看牆身堵的博古花卉題材，均呈現其構圖上的規律。然而調查的部份案例，疑似有修復不當的問題。相信這類對裝飾圖例的探討，在未來修復工程中作品復原時，能提供實質而有力的參佐。

關鍵字

金門；傳統民宅；裝飾

並列摘要

In Kin-men, the traditional residences which are known as Southern Fu-kien style buildings were decorated from roofs to walls by various art skills, which are including Koji pottery, clay shaping, ceramics collage and architecture painting, etc. These decorations are also different in shapes, materials and themes. According to the field survey I did on traditional residences that were unrestored before 2007 in Kin-men, there are only 27 out of 58 residences whose wall decorations have been well preserved. On the basis of the auspicious decoration themes and composition of the wall decorations shown on these 27 traditional residences, I sorted out some patterns. And also have I hound out that the wall decorations such as dragon around the furnace or frames which appear often on traditional residences in Kin-men are quite rare in the island of Taiwan. It can be called Kin-men style design. Regardless the themes of decorations are the birds, flowers, or Vase-Antiquarian, all show patterns on its composition. It is found that some residences are ruined by inappropriate restoration in my field survey. Hopefully, the analyzations of wall decorations in this article along with other researches on traditional architecture decorations would be a valuable reference while restoring traditional residences and architecture decorations and works.