殘障奧運、遠南運動會與台灣身心障礙運動會之游泳選手肢體障礙類別比較分析

Comparison of Swimmers with Physical Impairments at the Paralympic Games, FESPIC Games and Taiwan National Championship

吳昇光(Sheng-Kuang Wu)

《Mid-Taiwan Journal of Medicine》 8卷s_1期 (2003/11) Pp. s49-s56

https://doi.org/10.6558/MTJM.2003.8(s_1).8

摘要

目的 本篇研究的目的在於比較殘障奧運、遠南運動會與台灣身心障礙國民運動會中參加游泳比賽中肢體障礙選手之類別特性。
方法 所有參加2000雪梨殘障奧運會、2002年遠南運動會及2002台灣身心障礙國民運動會之肢障游泳選手資料被加以收集，其中2000雪梨殘障奧運會共計有421名游泳選手（255名男性及166名女性），2002遠南運動會共計有142名選手（103名男性及39名女性），台灣身心障礙國民運動會計有92名游泳選手（56名男性及36名女性），選手肢障資料經由選手之游泳分級表被加以收集，其肢障特性被分為腦性痲痺、脊髓損傷、小兒痲痺、截肢、肢體不全與其他肢障等六大類別。
結果 在殘障奧運會中除小兒痲痺選手較少外，其他幾種類別選手皆佔有一定比例，在男女差異上，男性則有較高比例為截肢選手，女性則有較高比例為腦性麻痺或其他肢障；在遠南運動會中，則有較高比例為小兒痲痺或截肢選手，腦性麻痺或其他肢障選手則較少；在台灣全國運動會中則是以小兒痲痺選手佔極大部份，其他幾種肢障類別選手則明顯較少。
結論 在本研究比較我國與國際比賽之結果，可發覺我國肢體障礙者參與游泳比賽之類別僅集中於小兒痲痺一種類別及遠南區域僅集中於小兒痲痺及截肢兩種類別，在台灣及亞洲國家仍有許多的發展空間可以鼓勵其他各種肢體障礙類別者積極參與游泳運動。

關鍵字

分級 ； 肢體障礙 ； 殘障奧運 ； 游泳

並列摘要

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare the types of physical impairments which occurred among swimmers at the 2000Paralympic Games, 2002 Far East & South Pacific (FESPIC) Games, and 2002 Taiwan National Championship.
Methods. There were 421 swimmers (255men and 166 women) at the 2000Paralmpic games, 142 swimmers (103 men and 39 women) at the 2002 FESPIC Games, and 92swimmers (56 men and 36 women) at the 2002 Taiwan National Championship. Data of swimmers’ impairments were collected from their swimming classification forms. Types of physical impairments were divided into cerebral palsy (CP), spinal cord injury (SCI), poliomyelitis, amputation, dysmelia, and les autres.
Results. Swimmers with poliomyelitis at the 2000 Paralympic Games only accounted for about 11% of the total participants. There were more male swimmers with amputation and more female swimmers with CP and les autres at the 2000 Paralympic Games than at the FESPIC games or the Taiwan national Championship. At the 2002 FESPIC Games, there was a higher percentage of swimmers with poliomyelitis and amputation but a lower percentage of swimmers with CP and les autres. At the 2002 Taiwan National Championship, most swimmers suffered from poliomyelitis.
Conclusions. The majority of poliomyelitis cases occurred in Taiwan and more swimmers developed poliomyelitis and had amputations in Asia than swimmers elsewhere. There are many opportunities for athletes with other types of physical impairments to participate in competitive disability swimming in Taiwan and Asian countries.

並列關鍵字

classification ； physical impairment ； Paralympic Games ； swimming