- 期刊
游泳配速策略分析：以男子400公尺自由式選手為例
Analysis of Pacing Strategy in Swimming: Taking Men's 400-meter Freestyle Swimmers as an Example
摘要
自由式（捷泳）中，動力產生主要來自選手的划手，而優化划幅與划頻關係可以幫助選手在不同距離下速度的增加與維持速度的穩定，游泳選手的配速方式是否會依不同層級而有差異？因此，本研究目的在探討國內外男子400 m自由式選手的配速策略。以2020年全國大專校院運動會與2019年世界游泳錦標賽各前8名男子選手為研究對象，將決賽影片利用標記分析，以每50 m將400 m分段，記錄平均速度、划幅、划頻與標準化後的數據。結果顯示平均速度與標準化速度，層級與距離的交互作用各自達顯著，國內外選手400 m配速在平均速度與標準化速度結果有相似趨勢，均為前50 m的平均速度與標準化速度最快，差異在於國外選手在150～200 m的平均速度與標準化速度最慢（小）、臺灣選手則在250～300 m的平均速度與標準化速度最慢（小）；但是不論在任一距離下，國外選手的平均速度和標準化速度都顯著快（大）於臺灣游泳選手；划幅、划頻方面僅顯示國外選手的划幅距離明顯高於臺灣選手。本研究結論指出速度與划幅表現國外選手優於臺灣選手，但在速度、划幅與划頻整體配速策略表現，國內外優秀男子400 m自由式選手趨勢是相似。速度、划幅與划頻數據標準化後發現國內外選手在末段300～350 m所應用的策略模式不一樣。
並列摘要
In the freestyle (front crawl) swimming event, power is mainly generated through the competitors' stroke. Optimizing the relationship between the stroke length and stroke rate could help swimmers to increase their speed and maintain a consistent pace at different distances. Do swimmers' pacing strategies vary by skill level? The purpose of this study is to compare the pacing strategies used in the men's 400 m freestyle by the finalists of Taiwan's 2020 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games to those in the 2019 World Swimming Championships. Notational analysis was employed while examining videos of the finals, and the average speed, stroke length, stroke rate and normalized data were recorded for every 50 m section of the race. Results indicate that the interaction between level and distance revealed significant effects for both the average and normalized speed. Both international and national swimmers had the highest average speed in the first 50 m. Different strategies emerged at later lengths, however-international competitors displayed their slowest average speed and normalized speed at 150-200 m, while national swimmers did so at 250-300 m. At both skill levels, the stroke length and speed gradually decreased and the stroke rate increased. Despite this similarity, the average speed of international swimmers at any lap is significantly faster than that of national swimmers. In conclusion, the normalized data indicate that different pacing strategies were adopted by international swimmers and national swimmers, especially in the final 300-350 m. International swimmers are better than Taiwan's national-level swimmers in speed and stroke performance.