犯罪青少年的道德判斷

The Moral Judgment of Juvenile Delinquent

沈六(Liow Sheen)

《公民訓育學報》 3期 (1993/06) Pp. 47-104

https://doi.org/10.6231/CME.1993(3)04

摘要

本研究旨在探究犯罪青少年的道德判斷能力，瞭解其道德認知發展階段，並與非犯罪青少年比較，以作為實施感化教育之參考。本研究以道德認知發展理論為理論基礎，且揉知道德判斷與道德行為的關係。為這成研究目的，驗證研究假設。本研究採分層隨機還取十二歲至十八歲犯罪青少年103名，非犯罪青少年36名為研究對象。本研究參考郭爾保（L. Kohlberg）的道德判斷工具（MJI），編製適合我國青少年之道德判斷測驗，作為研究工具。道德判斷測驗之實施，則採用準臨床晤談（Semiclinical interview）的方式，由研究人員採一對一進行口頭晤談，並將其錄音，爾後進行分析，並據此提出研究結論如下：一、犯罪青少年的道德判斷發展在以工具性相對主義者為導向的階段。犯罪青少年對不同道德內涵的判斷成熟程度存有差異。三、犯罪青少年的道德判斷成熟層次低於非犯罪青少年。四、犯罪青少年的道德判斷不因性別、家長職業類別、家長教育程度、家庭宗教信仰、父母婚姻狀說、家庭經濟狀況、和犯罪類別之不同而有差異。五、犯罪青少年的道德判斷因年齡、居住地區、教育程度之不同而有差異。根據本研究之結論，爰提出以下十項建議：一、培養犯罪青少年明事理辨是非的能力。二、加強民主法治教育，培養自律的意志。三、培養犯罪青少年正確的價值觀。四、增進自我瞭解與培養社會責任觀念。五、重視生活規範的實踐，培養民主態度。六、加強個體與理想的環境交互作用，以促進犯罪青少年的道德發展。七、關懷與照顧文化、社會、經濟背景不利的犯罪青少年。八、加強親職教育，以增進犯罪青少年的道德判斷能力。九、端正社會環境，使成為正義的社區。十、進一步研究犯罪青少年的道德判斷與其犯罪行為之關係。

並列摘要

This Study examined the moral judgment of juvenile delinquents, compared the moral judgment between juvenile delinquents and normal juveniles, and investigated their stages of moral cognitive development.The Theory of this study is based on the theory of moral Cognitive development and the relations of moral judgment and moral behavior. The 139 participants comprised of 103 juvenile delinquents and 36 normal juveniles were selected between the ages of 12 to 18, by a random-sampling method. The investigator modified moral judgment measuring instrument from Lawrence Kohlberg's MJI to develop a new instrument which is suitable for Chinese juveniles. Semiclinical interview method was used in this study. The interviewer interviewed every participant person to person and recorded the data of the interview. Then, the investigator ana1yzed the data and drawed the results and conclusions as follows:1. The stage of moral cognitive development of juvenile delinquents is the instrument relativist orientation (stage 2) (preconventional level) is the instrument relativist orientation (stage 2)2. The moral maturity scores of juvenile delinquents on law, life, social cognition, and conscience are higher than those of theirs on human relatiionship, money, love, freedom, property, justice.3. The level of Moral judgment maturity of juvenile delinquents is lower than that of normal juveniles.4. The moral judgments of juvenile delinquents of both sexes, parents of four different vocations, parents of three different education, parents of four different religions, parents of three different married lives. families of two different financial conditions, and criminals of four different categories do not reach a statistically significant level of difference.5. The moral judgments of juvenile delinquents of two different age groups，three different residence areas, and two different educational groups reach a statistically significant level of difference.