中國近代排球競賽發展史研究(1910~1949)

The Development History of China Volleyball Competition in Modern Times (1910~1949)

曹健仲(Chien-Chung Tsao)

《中原學報》 31卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 413-421

https://doi.org/10.6358/JCYU.200312.0011

摘要

本文以排球運動的產生與初期傳播為開端，對近代中國歷史上排球運動傳入的歷史與事實進行了研究。透過對排球運動在近代中國發展、普及與演變的歷史的考察，得出如下結論：
排球運動最早傳入中國是在二十世紀初，當時的打法是每隊16人，分站4排，因而稱之為為“排球”。這項運動先在廣州的幾所中學進行，以後陸續傳到了臺山等地；北京、上海等城市也在這時先後有了排球活動，1911年上海舉行了第一次排球表演賽。1913年在第一屆遠東運動會上，中國應邀臨時組隊參加排球比賽，結果雖然失利，但在國內卻促進了各地排球運動的發展和提高。1927年第八屆遠東運動會，男排改為每隊9人，分成3排，每排3人。自此，國內男子排球亦改為9人制。中國女子排球在1924至1927年的國內比賽中都是每隊12人，1928年起改用9人制。1949年以前，中國僅少數城市如上海、北京、天津等地有過6人制排球活動。
排球運動由於具有遊戲、健身和競賽與觀賞特點，更由於其運動用具和設施簡易，因而在一些省、市級運動會上，亦逐步地被設立作為競賽項目。而透過參加國內與國際排球比賽，使得中國隊取得了優秀的成績。在排球運動的發展過程中，其規則也越來越完善，並逐漸地與國際接軌。但整體而言，從民眾的喜好程度來看，與其他項目相形比較之下，排球還不及籃球、足球等運動項目的興趣來的大，原因除去當時政府較少提倡外，可能是人們還認為排球運動從表面上看來，它的競爭性不如足球、籃球來的激烈與刺激。

關鍵字

中國 ； 排球競賽 ； 發展史

並列摘要

This text began with the production of volleyball sport and the spreading in the early days, and it also studied the history of volleyball spreading in China history in modern times. It is divided into six parts: an introduction, the origin and spreading of volleyball, the regionalism of volleyball competitions in China in modern times, volleyball competitions in National Games, volleyball games in Far Eastern Championship Games (FECG) and a conclusion. Examining the development, universal and history of evolvement of volleyball in China modern times, we can take some conclusions: volleyball sport introduced to China was in the early twentieth century; at that time, the way to play volleyball was sixteen people in each team, and it divided into four rows, it was why called 'volleyball'. This sport was held at several secondary schools in Guangzu first, and then it spread to toishan continually; there were also volleyball games early or late in Beijing, shanghai...etc. an volleyball exhibition match was the first time held at shanghai in 1911. At the fist FCEG in 1913, China was invited to form team to join volleyball games temporarily, the development and improvement of volleyball was promoted in every areas of Mainland China after the fail. The eighth FECG in 1927, volleyball game in male was changed to be nine people in each team, and it was divided into three rows, each rows had three people. From that time, male volleyball game was also changed to be nine people system in Mainland China. From 1924 to 1927, female China volleyball game was twelve people in each team, but from 1928, it was changed to be nine people in each team too. Before 1949, there were only few cities in China such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin having volleyball game in six people each team.
Volleyball was set as competition item in some provinces or cities sports because this sport was provided with these characteristics --- playing, exercise, competition and appreciation; and even its materials and facilities was simple. We took a great result through joining volleyball competitions between International and Mainland. In developing, its rule become more perfect, and connected with International gradually. To conclude the whole, compared with other sport items, volleyball was less attractive than basketball and football according to the level of the public's interests because people may think that the competitiveness of volleyball game was less intense than basketball and football except the less promotion by government.

並列關鍵字

China Volleyball competition Developmental history