從陂塘到大圳－桃園臺地的水利變遷

From Ponds to Irrigations: The Evolution of the Water Resources in Tao-yuan Plateau

陳鴻圖(Hung-Tu Chen)

《東華人文學報》 5期 (2003/07) Pp. 183-207

https://doi.org/10.6420/DHJHS.200307.0183

摘要

受地形及水文環境的影響，灌溉一直是桃園臺地急需解決的問題，先民利用土壤及地勢的特性，在本區大量興築陂塘，最多時曾高達八千餘口，使桃園縣有「千湖縣」之稱。但這些數量龐大的陂塘面臨日治時期農業增產的壓力時，卻遲遲無法發揮其效能，扮演農業增產及象徵國家力量的桃園大圳因而出現。從陂塘到大圳的演變過程中，水利設施本身從自給自足的小型蓄水池，變成引大科崁溪串連所有陂塘的水利系統，龐大的灌溉排水系統出現，對桃園臺地的自然人文環境直接或間接的產生影響，人文環境的變遷最為顯著，耕地型態旱田水田化，土地價值提高，農業生產結構多元化，聚落的機能更强化。

關鍵字

陂塘 ； 桃園大川 ； 桃園臺地

並列摘要

Irrigation has been the urgent issue waited for resolutions in Tay-yuan Plateau, due to the influence of terrains and water environment. Ancestors made the most of the characteristics of the soil and landscape in building lots of ponds, which amounted to more than 8,000 ones, in this area. Tao-yuan County, therefore, was entitled as ”Thousand Lake County”. However, all these numerous ponds were prevented from exerting their functions, when facing the pressure of the agricultural increase during the period under Japanese rule, which resulted in the establishment of Tao-yuan Irrigation, symbolized the state power and the expansion of agricultural production. In the evolutional process from ponds to the Irrigations, the water facilities transformed from self-sufficient small-scale reservoirs into the water system that utilized Da-Ke-Kan Stream to connect all the ponds. The appearance of the huge irrigation and drainage system have impacts, directly or indirectly, on the natural and cultural environment; among which, the transformation of cultural environment was the most distinguished one, including the cultivating style changed from dry farmlands into paddy fields, the value increase of the land, the multi-developments in the structures of agricultural production, and the strengthening of the functions of tribes.

並列關鍵字

pond ； Tao-yuan Irrigation ； Tao-yuan Plateau

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