- 期刊
921震災前後民眾死亡概念與態度之改變
The Impact of the 921 Earthquake on People's Concept of and Attitude Toward Death
摘要
本研究依據死亡恐懼的議題設計問卷，調查101位受訪者在921大地震前後死亡概念與死亡態度的改變情況。死亡概念針對「情緒」、「意義」、「質望」三個層面調查，顯示民眾視死亡是人生最大之苦痛，災難後有未完全平復的創傷經驗如恐懼等；地震將死亡恐懼變成具體的生活經驗，死亡概念變得比較真實，死亡是一個很大的心理衝擊；震災後出現比過去更積極的死亡準備概念，把死亡當作人生必經的題，平日就需要做死亡準備。從地震前後民眾知命型的死亡態度增加，盲從型減少，也可見死亡經驗對心性的成長有正面的意義。震災後民眾對各死亡經驗的調適中以需轉變堅強、成熟的正向態度，來處理各種事為第一位。震災相關的死亡經驗對個人的死亡觀影響較大，對於社會文化的死亡觀則沒有顯影響。本研究也複查與死亡事件相近的瀕死體驗及創傷後壓力症候疾病的文獻，發現重大威脅生命事件的發生，往往為民眾帶來面對生死學習的契機。有些經歷震災或重大創傷事件後的民眾沒有產生身心壓力症候群，反而更珍惜生命把握當下，與其在災難經歷中的體驗，以及經驗前後的認知、態度有關。因此，要緩解死亡恐懼，平日的生命教育、死亡教育以及對於死亡的學習就顯得格外重要。及早針對社會大眾的需求，設計平日就可以學習的生命教育課程，為死亡恐懼經驗預做準備，是刻不容緩的事。
並列摘要
This research designed a survey on issues regarding the fear of death to see how people change their concept of and attitude toward death before and after the 921 Earthquake. A total of 101 people took part in the survey. The survey on the concept of death included three aspects: emotion, significance, and expectation. The result showed that people deem death as the worst pain in life and are still experiencing the unhealed traumatic fear after the earthquake. In other words, the earthquake has turned people’s fear of death to become a real life experience. The concept of death has become closer to reality after the earthquake. Death exerts a major psychological impact on people who, in turn, become more active in preparing for death and deem death as an inevitable course in life that people should make preparation for in ordinary days. After the earthquake, people’s attitude toward death becomes more practical and less customary. It is thus obvious that the near death experience has a positive effect on mental development. People have adjusted their attitude toward death to a more positive direction and realized that they should be strong and mature to handle all death-related matters. The other finding of the research is that the earthquake has a greater impact on people’s viewpoint of death than on society and the culture. The research also reexamined the documents on near death experience, which is close to the death experience, and on post-traumatic stress disorders and found that the occurrence of a major life-threatening event always accompanies an opportunity for people to learn how to face death. Some of the earthquake survivors or people who have had major traumatic experiences in life do not suffer from stress–related syndrome. Instead, they cherish their lives more than ever before and attach greater importance to the present moment. This has something to do with people’s traumatic experiences and their understanding of and attitude toward such experiences.