抗戰時期河南省的災荒與救濟（民國三十一年至三十二年）

Calamity and Relief in Henan Province during Anti-Japanese War Period (1942-1943)

陳清敏(Ching-Min Chen)

《中華技術學院學報》 36期 (2007/06) Pp. 499-514

https://doi.org/10.7095/JCIT.200706.0499

摘要

天災是指因氣候變遷、地理環境等自然因素影響，導致水、旱、風、霜等災害的產生；災荒則是因天災所引起的飢荒、經濟破產、農民流離失所、死亡等現象，以及社會的不安。為了將災荒之危害減至最低限度，必須有完善的救濟措施、組織與計畫，以建立一個安全的社會。河南省轄一百一十一縣，分為十二個行政區，人口數逾三千萬人，因黃河流經其間，歷史上災荒頻傳。抗戰以後，豫北、豫東、豫南信陽一帶相繼淪陷，人民飽受戰火摧殘之餘，仍不能免於災荒之侵襲。民國三十一年，水、旱、風、雹、霜、蝗等災交相為害，麥種歉收遍及全省；三十二年，水災、蝗災持續為害，尤以濱臨黃氾各縣更屬慘重，因飢服毒自縊及殺兒、棄嬰等情形層出不窮。本文即擬以民國三十一年至三十二年河南省的災荒與救濟做一個案研究，期進一步了解戰時在軍情緊急之際，國民政府如何因應災荒所造成的社會危機及救濟之道。

關鍵字

抗戰時期 ； 河南省 ； 黃河 ； 災荒 ； 救濟 ； 棄嬰

並列摘要

Natural disaster refers to flood, drought, storm, and frost brought about by effects of natural factors such as climatic changes and geographical conditions. Calamity refers to famine, economic breakdown, homelessness, death and social unrest induced by natural disasters. In order to minimize the detrimental impacts of calamity, comprehensive relief measure, organization, and planning haves to be implemented in order to establish a safe society. The 101 counties in Henan Province are divided into 12 administrative districts and have a population of over 30 million. Since the Yellow River passes through the province, calamities had been frequent occurrences in history. After the Anti-Japanese War Yu Bei, Yu Dong, Yu Nan, and Xin Yang area fell in the hands of the enemy. The people suffered enormously from war and became victims of calamity. In 1942, flood, draught, storm, hail, frost and locust jeopardized the land and wheat harvest throughout the province. In 1943, flooding and locust continued to invade particularly in counties in the vicinity of Huang-Fan. Suicide by poison and hanging, child-murder, and child-abandonment often took place due to famine. A case study has been conducted in this research on calamity and relief in Henan Province between the period of 1942 and 1943. With the tension of the war at stake, we have further found out how the KMT government responded to social crisis caused by calamities and relief approaches adopted.

並列關鍵字

Anti-Japanese War Period ； Henan ； Yellow River ； Calamity ； Relief ； child-abandonment