台南市11所國小一年級學童之健康調查

A Health Survey of the First Year Student in 11 Elementary Schools in Tainan City

王建楠(Jian-Nan Wang) ； 劉文德(Man-Tak Lau)

《台灣家庭醫學雜誌》 10卷3期 (2000/09) Pp. 136-147

https://doi.org/10.7023/TJFM.200009.0136

摘要

83年全民健保負施，特別提供0-4歲之幼兒6次免費健康檢查。已立案之拖兒所與幼稚園，省婦幼衛生研究所每年均編列經費，委託基層醫師、牙醫師及護士協助篩檢幼童，因此6歲前之幼童預防保健可說相當完備。不過員際執行上可能出現落差，若家長一時疏忽未帶小孩作定期健康檢查或就讀未立案之托兒所、幼稚園，則可能延誤一些先夾性或後天性之疾病之診斷。本研究之目的在於五解國小新生，入學時之體位及一般健康狀況。研究對象為89學年度台南市某社區國小一年級學生，學生總數為2,502人，實際與健檢者有2,281人(91.2%)，其中男生有1,182人，女生為1,099人，平均年齡為78月(6.5歲)。男女生之身高和體重之中位值，略高於民國87年的學童體位。國小新生齲齒盛行率為26.4%，和以往調查報告很接近，顯示口腔衛生並未明顯改善，視力不良之盛行率高達23.5%，稍高於民國79年國小學童視力不良比率21.2%，患病年齡層有下降之趨勢。依重高指數判定，肥胖兒童比率高達13.7%，若與體重過重者合併計算，則佔所有的24.2%，已追上歐美先進國家肥胖兒童之盛行率，另外體重過輕者約佔21.2%，除了先天體質外，亦可能和熱量攝取不足或營養不均衡有關，學童體重異常可能和飲食習慣的改變有關，而課餘活動量不足亦是體重過重或肥胖的原因之一。至於其他身體異常方面，如心雜音、疑過敏性鼻炎、異位性皮膚炎、疝氣、脊柱側彎、疑身高生長遲緩、隱睪症、包皮過夷等，雖盛行率不高，均小於2.0%，但有些疾病(斜視、弱視、隱睪症、疑身高生長遲緩、脊柱側彎等)若能及早矯治，則可避免長大後無法彌補之遺憾。

並列摘要

For each year, the Provincial Women and Children’s Health Institute conducts a health survery in young children amongthe registered kindergartens and day-care centers via the help of primary-car physicians, dentists and nurses,. The National Health Insurance Act was passed and started to be carried out in 1994 for children under age 4. The Bureu of National Health Insurance provides 6 times of free health check-ups for each child. But those in illegal day-care centers and kindergartens and those whose parents pay no attention to it are not included. Some congential disorders or acquired diseases might not be early diagnosed and treated therefore in these children. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the height, weight and health status of the first year students. There were 2,281(91.2%)students involved, including 1,182 boys and 1,089 girls. The average age was 78 months(6.5 y/o). The mean height and weight were higher than what found by the survey of National Nutrition in 1998. The rate of dental cavities was 26.4% with a still high prevalence. The prevalence of abnormal vision was 23.5%, compatible with the current official data and indicating the starting ages of children with it have been decreased gradually. According to the weight-for length index criteria, the prevalence of obesity was 13.7%, if the number of overweight was included. It was noted that the rate of overweight had increased up to 24.6% and to be comparable with the levels in the western countries. The rate of underweight was 21.2%, indicating about one-fifth of the schoolchildren with imbalanced nutrition or inadequate caloric intake. As for other physical disorders, such as heart murmurs, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, inguinal hernia, scoliosis, short stature, cryptorchidism, etc. their rates of prevalence were very less than 2.0%. Some kinds of disorders, including strabismus, cryptorchidism, scoliosis and short stature might be treated and avoided to deteriote further, if an early diagnosis and proper correction can be made.

並列關鍵字

children ； obesity ； cavities ； abnormal visin ； weight-for-length index