摘要
「腦膜炎球菌」唯一的天然宿主是人類，主要引起的疾病是腦膜炎和菌血症。造成感染主要的危險因子包括先前曾有病毒感染;、有潛在性疾病、抽煙及居住在擁擠的地區。近年來在腦膜炎球菌感染症的治療上有很大的進展，但在年幼的病患仍有高的致死率(84%);早期診斷並給予適當的抗生素治療是降低死亡率的唯一方法。由於腦膜炎球菌有很多種血清型，疫苗僅對A,C,Y,W135型有效，因此預防和控制此症仍是公共衛生上的一大挑戰。本文對腦模炎球菌感染症的致病情形、臨床表徵、流行病學及預防方式作一文獻回顧，以作為病患診治及防疫工作上的參考。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Neisseria meningitides remains an important cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis of human. Despite the development of new antimicrobial agents, a substantial fatal cases occur in the usually healthy young people. The risk factors of meningococcal disease include antecedent viral infection and persons with chronic underlying diseases, habits of smoking, or persons residing in over-crowded area. Early recognition of the disease and prompt administration of an effective antimicrobial agent are the only means to reduce morbidity and mortality. The primary regimen for prevention of sporadic meningococcal disease is by providing an effective antibiotic prophylaxis to the close contacts of infected patients. However, preventing and controlling meningococcal disease remains a public health challenge because of the multiple serogroups and limitations of available vaccines. This review summarizes current knowledge of meningococcal disease and hopefully it can provide some useful information about prevention and intervention of the disease.
延伸閱讀
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