- 期刊
台灣職業性聽力損失通報結果之分析
An Analysis of the Notification System of Occupational Hearing Loss in Taiwan
摘要
背景：隨著工業安全意識的提高，噪音性聽障已為勞工們所注意，政府單位也訂立了規範，做為噪音環境中工作的準則。衛生署則由檢疫總所自1994至1998年，實施包含職業性聽力損失在內的職業傷害通報系統，以了解台灣地區職業傷害的特性。 方法：1995年1月至12月，行政院衛生署檢疫總所進行之職業性聽力損失通報，總數為22123筆，以其中完整可供分析之資料共19043筆，進行統計分析。 結果：受檢者的年齡分布由18歲至63歲，平均為38.2歲，其中男性有13672名，女性5371名。左右耳之平均聽力閾值可見兩耳對稱性4，6，8 KHz聽力喪失。若將聽閾劣於30 dBHL者歸屬聽力損失組，其平均聽力有明顯的4 KHz凹陷及對稱性聽力損失，而低頻聽閾也有升高的現象。男性聽損比女性多。輕、重工業的勞工比民生工業的勞工有較高的聽力損失，惟從事重工業者的聽力損失與輕工業者相差不多。 結論：衛生署職業性聽力損失通報具一定的準確性，由本文分析的結果符合了噪音聽損的特性，但就通報的資料上應注意聽力檢查場所的噪音量偏高、工作場所的噪音量提報、並增加個人實際噪音暴露時間長短、是否從事高噪音娛樂及是否患過耳疾病等資料，以提高職業聽障資料的準確性。此外，噪音性聽損的預防措施，應由年輕時開始。
並列摘要
BACKGROUND: There has been a progressive increase in attention of industrial hearing conservation program in Taiwan. According to the Occupational Safety Act, the government has set regulations to mandate that all workers safeguarded from occupational hazards, including noise. From 1994 to 1998 the Deputy of Public Health had performed a notification system of occupational hazards to investigate the characteristics of occupational hearing loss in Taiwan. METHODS: In 1995, from compulsory screening examination of 22123 noise-exposed workers standardized audiograms as well as personal histories of 19043 workers had been selected because well documented data were available. The data were analyzed statistically by Chi-square test, Mantel-Haenszel test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression. RESULTS: Nineteen hundred and forty three workers entered the study. There were 13672 males and 5371 females. Their ages ranged between 18 and 63 years with mean of 38.2 years. They had been exposed to noise in various types of industries. The averages of pure tone thresholds showed a symmetrical hearing loss in 4, 6, and 8 KHz and an elevation of low frequency hearing. However, the 4 K-dip was noted in high frequency hearing loss group. The hearing loss was greater in male than in female. The workers who joined heavy and light industries had greater hearing loss than those in livinghood industries. However, there was no significant difference of hearing loss between workers in heavy and light industries. CONCLUSOIN: The notification system of occupational hearing loss in Taiwan showed a reasonable result. However, the noise level of hearing examination place was too high to have accurate hearing level in low frequencies. The hearing conservation program should be started as early as possible.