宋玉賦中“神女”書寫的宗教與文化的意義

宋玉是作爲楚辭到漢賦文類轉折重要的過渡橋樑，司馬遷以來，習以「屈宋」並稱，係繼楚騷餘緒，開漢賦之先流的重要作家，但宋玉之賦略異於〈離騷〉，形式上敞開了漢賦形式之發端，麗辭摛文；內容上承繼楚文化宗教之俗，將人神貫通的文學傳統帶進賦中，成爲辭賦承先啟後的人物。本文擬從神話與宗教、文化的角度探討宋玉〈高唐〉、〈神女〉兩賦書寫「神女」原型以及開創「賦」的山川自然書寫的文化與文學上的意義，並以宋玉以降受儒家觀念習染後的對「神女」形象與士人心理的探索，旨在尋求「神女書寫」所包容的多層意義與文化原因。

關鍵字

宋玉；內在文化想像；屈騷；神女賦；神女；高唐賦；楚國；楚文化；離騷

並列摘要

宋玉 reaches 楚辭 to 漢賦 of transition bridges with important turn, since 司馬遷, The literature history weighs 「屈原 and 宋玉」, He inherits the 楚辭, and open up the first writer of 漢賦. But 宋玉's literary works are a little different from〈離騷〉, in form, it has opened wide and composed the making a start of the 漢賦's form, paves beautiful vocabulary; in the content, it inherits the custom of the cultural religion of the witch of the State of 楚, brings the literature tradition that people and spirit can be applicable to all into while composing 賦. He becomes' 楚辭 'to reach' 漢賦 ' the writer serving as a link. This paper try this text go in terms of mythology and psychology probing into 宋玉's〈高唐賦〉,〈神女賦〉write literature prototype of 'goddess', and what 宋玉 opened' 漢賦 'is written about natural literature, imagine the meaning with literature in culture in and above-mentioned contribution. And after 宋玉 the later generation's writer who are influenced by Confucianism, they transition that image wrote in 'goddess', this article mainly aims at seeking this kind of multi-layer meaning and culture reason included that 'the goddess writes'.