梁漱溟對“陽明學”的思考向度與時代回應－以析辨《大學》暨發皇心學為雙軸

以「當代新孔學」、「行動的儒者」等封譽躋身民初學術之林的梁漱溟，其回歸儒學的主要思想進路即是陸王心學，本文緊扣梁漱溟與王陽明的關係而發，透過梁漱溟諸作的檢視，王陽明原典的披露，《大學》、朱子、伍庸伯等文獻資料的勘察，後學觀點的參稽，藉茲索探梁漱溟對陽明心學的關注、汲取、評騭、融攝與轉化創造。全文由三方入探：先究梁漱溟「陽明學」的五大蔚成助源，由是得見其歷史背景、時代環境與個人境遇之梗概；次索梁漱溟對「陽明學」的定位與評騭，由此見知陽明在儒學學脈中的不二地位，以及透過朱、王與伍庸伯對《大學》的詮釋，觀察梁漱溟的意見與傾向；後探梁漱溟對「陽明學」的融鑄與轉化，由「直覺」、「理性」、「宇宙大生命」三概念的發展，驗證梁漱溟的學思歷程係步步趨向陽明，而其影響亦未得小覷。

關鍵字

梁漱溟；王陽明；大學；直覺；理性

並列摘要

Liang Shu-Ming, taking part in the academic field in early Republican years, had been recognized as ”contemporary advocator of Confucianism” and ”a Confucianist who preaches the doctrine with actual doings.” Liang's returning back to his position in the Confucianists' field was based on his studying of Lu Chiu-Yuan and Wang Yang-Ming's academic theories. This thesis aims to discuss the scholastic relationship between Liang and Wang. In addition, analyzing the works of Liang, Wang, ”Da Hsueh, Chu His, and Wu Yung-Po, as well as the perspectives of modern scholars to discuss Liang's concerns, acquisition, comments and attitude change toward Wang's academic theories. Three main sections involved in the discussion are as the following. First, the discussion examines the possibilities for Liang to present Thoughts of Yang-Ming School by observing Liang's surroundings of history and contemporary and his personal experiences. Secondly, the important standing of Wang in Confucianists' field is revealed. Furthermore, Liang's comments on Wang's thoughts are illustrated with the interpretation of ”Da Hsueh” by Chu, Wang and Wu. Thirdly, the three ideologies of intuition, conscience, and ”lives within the universe” exemplify Liang's representation of Wang's thoughts as well as the fact that the development of Liang's thoughts is building upon those of Wang. The impact of his thoughts should never be underestimated.