海德格思道源生與高達美詮釋學哲思緣起

The Origen of Heidegger's Thinking-Way and the Genesis of Gadamer's Hermeneutic Philosophizing

陸敬忠(Jing-Jong Luh)

《中原學報》 31卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 105-117

摘要

本文係對關於海德格哲思對高達美詮釋學發展之效應歷史，亦即由哲學思想史或效應歷史的角度溯觀其與海德格思想之關係演進，進行系統內在性、生成史性研究系列之首文。高達美哲學詮釋學就哲學思想史而言，主要基源於海德格哲思，亦即要求將精神科學之整體問題綜結脈絡視爲其自身之詮釋性處境或問題而在哲學基礎上經由海德格式思想革命來徹底反思及解消。因此，高大美詮釋學式哲思至《真理與方法》之生成，必定關聯到海德格思想。然而海德格自身之哲思亦有其源生與發展。海德格對高達美詮釋學哲思生成發之影響自是錯綜複雜。若透觀此效應歷史，實須從基源起探索海德格哲思對高達美之影響，亦即高氏認識海氏之前與認識之初其哲思之萌芽與緣起。本文遂以對此研究視域中之最基源的階段、亦即海德格思想本身之源生對高達美詮釋學哲思啓始緣起階段之效應歷史進行初探，此則包含二次階段：與海德格相識前高達美哲思之萌芽以及海德格《存有與時間》之前詮釋性哲思之源生與其對高達美之影響。
首先，在吾人所謂「前海德格時期」亦即「與海德格相識前高達美詮釋學哲思之萌芽(1918-1922)」中，在其自身生長之科學與哲學論爭底文化思想情境中，高達美對真理問題之基源關懷但已孕育。在此脈絡下，高達美選擇哲學之路。而在藝術之真理經驗中，在非學院哲學活力中，在柏拉圖與黑格爾哲思之語言與思想底融動中，高氏哲思已萌芽。在「與海德格相識後詮釋學哲思之啓始(1923-1928)」特別是「《存有與時間》之前海德格式詮釋學哲思之源生及基對高達美之影響」中，吾人首先綜理海德格哲思源生之三種要素：宗教－神學性，詮釋－現象學性與希臘－存有學性要素。而在此脈絡下吾人則可析理出海德格源生直接影響高達美詮釋哲思緣起之元素，亦即海德格於高達美哲學詮釋學生成最基源之影響。

關鍵字

海德格 ； 高達美 ； 真理 ； 詮釋學 ； 希臘哲學 ； 效應歷史

並列摘要

This essay is the first one of a series of system-immanent and genesis-developmental research about the effect-history of Heidegger's thinking-way in Gadamer's hermeneutical philosophizing. The author plans, from the point of view of intellectual history or philosophical effect-history, esp. from Gadamer's perspective the thinking-relation between him and Heidegger from beginning to Gadamer's ”Truth and Method” to survay. Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics originates philosophical-historically in Heidegger's philosophizing. It takes the whole context of problem-complex from ”Geisteswissenschaften” as its own hermeneutical situation and try to thoroughly reflect and dissolve the problem-complex in philosophical foundation through Heidegger's thinking-revolution. Therefore the genesis of Gadamer's hermeneutical philosophizing has to relate with Heidegger's thinking. But Heidegger's philosophizing has its own origin and development. Consequently is the influence from Heidegger's philosophizing on the genesis and development of Gadamcr's hermeneutics intricate and complex. If we try to understand this complex effect-history, we shall research first and foremost Heidegger's influence on Gadamer from the beginning, i.e. before Gadamer know him and the first time of his contact with Heidegger. This essay deals with the very first phase of this research- horizon, i.e. effect-history of the origin of Heidegger's Thinking in the genesis of Gadamers hermeneutical philosophizing. This includes two sub-phase: the germination of Gadamer's philosophizing before his knowing of Heidegger and the origin of Heidegger's own hermeneutical philosophizing and it's influence on Gadamer.
Firstly, at the ”fore-Heidegger” phase, i.e. the germination of Gadamer's philosophizing before his knowing of Heidegger, Gadamer's original concern about the question of truth is in embryo in the intellectual-cultural situation of the controversy between science and philosophy during his growing time. In this context chooses Gadamer the way of philosophy. In the experience of truth in Art, in the vitality of non-scholastic philosophy and in the interactive fusion of thinking and language of Plato's and Hegel's philosophizing germinates Gadamer's thinking. Secondly, at the phase of beginning of the hermeneutical philosophizing after Gadamer's knowing of Heidegger, esp. the origin of Heidegger's own hermeneutical philosophizing and its influence on Gadamer, the third essential elements of the origin of Heidegger's thinking are religious-theological, hermeneutic-phenomenological and Greek-ontological. In this context we can find out the moments of the direct influence from the origin of Heidegger's thinking on the genesis of Gadamer's hermeneutical philosophizing, i.e. the first initiative influence from Heidegger on philosophical hermeneutics.

並列關鍵字

Heidegger ； Gadamer ； truth ； hermeneutics ； Greek philosophy ； effect-history