知識重建歷程研究

An Investigation on Physical Knowledge Restructuring by High School Students

祖莊琍(Choung-Li Tsue)

《科學與教育學報》 1期 (1997/05) Pp. 37-59

https://doi.org/10.6449/JSE.199705.0037

摘要

本研究探討高中學生在解決磁性相關異例問題時的知識重建歷程特徵，主要的研究目的有二：一、瞭解高中學生解決異例問題時個案的思考歷程特徵。二、瞭解高中學生面對異例問題時以及解決異例問題過程中的反應特徵。
為達成這些目的，本研究選取高雄地區高級中學六名高一、高二、學作為本研究樣本。研究方法採用皮亞傑臨床探究法的精神設計異例問題，使個案產生認知衝突；再以放聲思考的方法收集個案知識重建歷程的資料，在資料分析方面，本研究選取「概念平衡」、「概念暫時平衡」、「試驗」、「推敲」、「假設」、「推論」、「回憶」、「否定」、懷疑」等九個參考點，分析個案的思考歷程特徵。根據本研究結果發現，獲得以下的結論：
一、科學過程能力是知識重建歷程的重要機制。
二、理解問題是知識重建歷程的首要步驟。
三、推論是知識重建歷程中的瓶頸。
四、拒絕是知識重建歷程中最常出現的反應特徵。
五、重新詮釋是知識重建歷程中經常出現的反應特徵。
六、理論改變是知識重建歷程中最重要的反應特徵，也是最難產生的反應特徵。

關鍵字

知識重建 ； 思考歷程 ； 異例問題

並列摘要

The major objectives of this study are as following: 1. To investigate characteristics of thinking processes while students solving anomalous problems. 2. To investigate the response characteristics of high school students while they deal with anomalous problems.
To achieve the objectives, six high school students including ten and eleven grades were selected from Kaoshuing City. The Piaget’s clinical exploration method was adopted by this study to induce personal cognitive conflict. Furthermore, the method of thinking-aloud was also adopted to collect knowledge restructuring data. Nine reference points, such as:「conception-balance」、「conception-temporarily-balance」、「testing」、「conjecture」、「assumption」、「inference」、「retrospection」、「negative」、「negative」、「doubting」, we are created in this study to analyze the research data. The results of this study are as following:
1. The ability of scientific process is an important mechanism in knowledge restructuring.
2. Comprehending problems are the first step to knowledge restructuring.
3. The ability of inference is a bottleneck in knowledge restructuring.
4. Rejecting is a usually responding characteristic in knowledge restructuring.
5. Reinterpreting is an always responding characteristic in knowledge restructuring.
Theory change is the most important responding characteristic in knowledge restructuring, but it is also a rare process.