日治初期臺灣總督府的技術人力之招募：以土地調查事業為例

The General Governor of Taiwan's Mobilization of Technical Manpower in the Early Japanese Colonial Period: The Case of Land Surveys

蔡龍保(Lung-Pao Tsai)

《國立政治大學歷史學報》 35期 (2011/05) Pp. 75-143

https://doi.org/10.30383/TJH.201105_(35).0003

摘要

日本殖民統治臺灣的利器之一為「近代知識」，具近代知識的人才在殖民統治當中扮演十分重要的角色，包括官廳的技術官僚與民間業界的技術人員。臺灣的土地調查事業，是日本殖民統治臺灣的重要基礎調查事業之一。規模十分龐大，且要在短時間內完成，所需人才的招募實為一大課題。技手雖非高級技術官僚，卻是立於現場第一線的要角。在招募技手集團的過程中，可發現陸地測量部的涉入甚深，不僅調派人才支援、協助養成三角測量生，臨時臺灣土地調查局甚至因此改變了以往的測量法。整個技手集團，與軍方的關係十分密切，突顯軍方於民政時期隱而未現的重要角色。臺灣總督府除了動員自身人才轉任、訓練國語傳習所學生，並動員臺灣總督府相關官廳的技術官僚擔任教官，訓練技術見習生。工手學校、攻玉社兩校，可謂是土地調查局的人才庫。透過本研究，能一窺以往為人所忽略的技手階層在殖民地統治中的重要角色，殖民統治中技術官僚養成學校與殖民政府之間相互合作、相互為用的「學官合作」關係，以及日本帝國框架中的人才流動在殖民統治中的深刻意涵。

關鍵字

日治初期 ； 土地調查 ； 技術官僚 ； 技手 ； 臺灣總督府 ； 動員

並列摘要

One of the conveniences that the Japanese empire used to rule their colony of Taiwan was modern knowledge. People with modern knowledge, such as technocrats in government and technicians in enterprises, played important roles during colonial rule. The land survey in Taiwan was one of the important fundamental surveys in the Japanese colonial period. Due to the large scale of the land survey and the need to complete it in a short timeframe, the recruitment of personnel was quite difficult.
lthough assistant engineers were not high-grade technocrats, they played the most important roles in the field. We can find the Rikuchisokuryobu deeply involved in the process of their recruitment through dispatching its personnel to the Extraordinary Taiwan Land Survey Bureau and helping to train assistant engineers. In return, the Extraordinary Taiwan Land Survey Bureau changed their measurement methods to suit to the demand of Rikuchisokuryobu. Assistant engineers had close connections to military authorities and these authorities obviously played an important role even in the civil government period. The General Governor of Taiwan transferred its personnel to the Extraordinary Taiwan Land Survey Bureau, trained the graduates of Kokugogakko, and commanded its technocrats to carry out training of probationers. In addition, Kosyugakko and Kogyokusya can be seen as the talent bank of The Extraordinary Taiwan Land Survey Bureau. From this paper, we can see the important role which assistant engineers played during colonial rule, the reciprocal connections between schools for training technocrats and the colonial authorities, and the deep significance of this talent's mobilization in the framework of the Japanese Empire.

並列關鍵字

Early Japanese-ruled Period ； Land Survey ； Technocrat ； Assistant engineer ； the General Governor of Taiwan ； Mobilization

參考文獻

〈吏員募集 三十一年十月〉，アジア経済研究所藏，《臺灣土地調查始末稿本》，第1篇第8卷。"Riin boshū 31 nen 10 gatsu," Ajia keizai kenkyūsho zō, Taiwan tochi chosa shimatsu kōhon, dai 1 hen dai 8 kan.

〈吏員募集 三十二年一月〉，アジア経済研究所藏，《臺灣土地調查始末稿本》，第1篇第8卷。"Riin boshū 32 nen 1 gatsu," Ajia keizai kenkyūsho zō, Taiwan tochi chosa shimatsu kōhon, dai 1 hen dai 8 kan.

〈吏員募集 三十二年十一月〉，アジア経済研究所藏，《臺灣土地調查始末稿本》，第1篇第8卷。"Riin boshū 32 nen 11 gatsu," Ajia keizai kenkyūsho zō, Taiwan tochi chosa shimatsu kōhon, dai 1 hen dai 8 kan.

〈吏員募集 三十三年五月〉，アジア経済研究所藏，《臺灣土地調查始末稿本》，第1篇第8卷。"Riin boshū 33 nen 5 gatsu," Ajia keizai kenkyūsho zō, Taiwan tochi chosa shimatsu kōhon, dai 1 hen dai 8 kan.

〈吏員募集 三十四年一月〉，アジア経済研究所藏，《臺灣土地調查始末稿本》，第1篇第8卷。"Riin boshū 34 nen 1 gatsu," Ajia keizai kenkyūsho zō, Taiwan tochi chosa shimatsu kōhon, dai 1 hen dai 8 kan.