- 期刊
社會失序、自我保護與害怕犯罪
Social Disorder, Self-protection, and Fear of Crime in Taiwan
摘要
「社會失序模式」最常被用來解釋民眾害怕犯罪行為，然而，過去研究主要從社會瓦解的層面探討之，往往忽略Durkheim所指社會控制權威機構所產生集體紀律形式喪失的失序問題，本研究乃試圖探討這個被社會學者忽略的社會失序層面與害怕犯罪間的關係。此外，「集體安全模式理論」強調，社會失序往往導致人們採取自我保護行為，例如購買保全服務，但是，當民眾尋求了自我保護，他們害怕犯罪程度是否降低？這是本研究欲探討的第二個問題。研究資料來自1994年7月中央研究院的社會意向調查，樣本數計有749，統計方法採多因子變異數分析，研究發現如下：（1）民眾社會問題嚴重性、犯罪問題嚴重性的失序認知的確影響害怕犯罪心理；（2）民眾對警察人員與對行政人員信心度的失序認知則與害怕犯罪無關。再者，（3）民眾的自我防衛策略並未降低他們害怕犯罪感。很顯然的，害怕犯罪的認知建構與民眾個人主觀治安感受有著極為密切的關聯。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Social disorder model is often used to explain fear of crime. However, most criminologists focus only on one aspect of social disorder, the perceived social disintegration. Another aspect of Durkheim's social disorder, the ineffectiveness of collective discipline from power authority, is rarely discussed. The paper intends to address this question. Besides, scholars of collective security model argued that social disorder would lead one to take necessary self-protection actions, such as the purchase of gun. However, criminologists are not clear if the level of fear of crime can become less when one takes self-help measure. This paper intends to answer this second research question. Data for analysis are from a public opinion survey in Taiwan, conducted in July, 1994. A total of 749 are sampled. Factorial analysis of variance statistical method was utilized. The research concluded: (1) the perceived social disorder shows a significant impact on fear of crime; (2) the perceived effectiveness of collective discipline is unrelated to fear of crime; (3) self-protection does not decrease one's feelings of crime. Apparently, fear of crime is largely a result of one's general perception of social order and disorder.