Cultural Constructs of Human Rights and the Reality of Social Control-A Comparative View

文化構築的人權觀與社會控制機制

俞曉青(Olivia Yu)

《犯罪學期刊》 2期 (1996/12) Pp. 175-194

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.199612.0008

摘要

所有人類社會都在發展中形成了控制社會運作和約束人們遵守公德的原則。在傳統文化逐漸削弱的現在，個人主義以為，人是持有當然法權的個體，這種意識已經成為法國和美國等西方國家的憲法精神和法規現實。但是，在許多非西方國家裡，取代了原有傳統群體權力觀念的是國家權力。本篇論文的中心論點是：人權觀念之不同反映了主導世界的兩大文化意識型態：個人置上的個人主義意識型態和尊國家為最高社會權力代表的意識型態。社會控制機構的運作及其效果體現了這兩種意識型態的辯證發展和社會在促進人權發展中所採取的基本意識型態。

並列摘要

Societies have developed desired principles and values over time to regulate themselves and guarantee conformity to social norms, In the modem era when traditional culture is ever weakening, individualism, perceiving man as an autonomous being possessed of rights in nature, has found practical expression and legal reality in the constitutional principles of Western nations such as United States and France; while many, if not most, non-Western nations resort to the state as the primary locus of power and authority in place of traditional group identities. Different emphases found in the cultural construct of human rights reflect two central but contradictory ideological positions, the ideology of individualism and the ideology of the state as the ultimate authority defending social rights. The operation and effect of social control institutions manifest dialectic development of these ideologies and the primary ideological position that a society assumes in promoting human rights.