從Foucault規訓觀點分析一所台灣監獄場域的運作

An Investigation into the Practice of One Taiwanese Prison from Foucault' Perspectives of Discipline

林正昇(Cheng-Sheng Lin) ； 許華孚(Hua-Fu Hsu)

《犯罪學期刊》 9卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 153-191

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.200606.0005

摘要

本研究試圖以Foucault的規訓觀點來探討監獄運作的過程，觀察受刑人的日常生活作息，以探究規訓／紀律的實施，監獄利用各種的機制建構「全景敞視」式的權力運作及探討監獄化的身體如何順從與反抗。
在監獄場域中，採用參與觀察法發現：受刑人入監歷經嚴峻的新收儀式洗禮，透過不斷地強制、改進的命令，利用空間上的安排使每位受刑人都有相對性的空間位置，時間上考核的規訓／紀律策略，使受刑人在最短的時間融入監獄場域之中。給予編號後，由社會人轉變為一位受刑人，並透過日常生活作息的管治使受刑人規訓。
由於監獄持續不斷地訓練管理者成為一支反應迅速的部隊，對於受刑人日以繼夜的紀律強化，建立在場舍的安靜與一致的管教，同時，透過管理者的監視與監視系統的挹助，使受監視受刑人轉化成自我監視，其行為成為全景敞視監獄下的一個單元。另外，對於不遵守監規的受刑人予以內部刑罰，並利用利用藍、綠、橙、紅等顏色的標示放大規訓權力的效應，不過也顯示了監獄場域權力反抗的型式與持續。

關鍵字

規訓 ； 權力 ； 全景敞視監獄 ； 反抗

並列摘要

This study aims to examine the practice of one Taiwanese prison regime by observing the dynamics of interaction between the captive and custodians. The frameworks of Foucault's perspectives of discipline are utilized to articulate how 'panopticon' functions on the daily codes of practice, and how 'the body of prisonization' becomes obedient and resistant. Based upon participation observation and in-depth interview, the research discovers that strategies of power have their real operative impact on the bodies of controlled subjects. There is 'a micro-physics of power' where power has its bodily materiality and effects. The 'self-controlled' prisoners are brought about by exerting an influence upon their souls which in turn direct behavior. Along with a multiplicity of fields of forces-structural relationships, strategies and techniques embedded in prison, a social being is promptly transformed into a prisoner.
The principles of surveillance, observation, and inspection and disciplinary traning, examination and normalization together with the physical and architectural forms are presented to realize a real picture of prison world. However, prison has always been a failure in penological terms-its failure to reduce crime, its tendency to produce recividists and its possibility to create potential offenders. This further reminds us that punishment needs to be seen to reflect our understanding and values rooted in the coon core of human experience.

並列關鍵字

Discipline ； Power ； Panoptical Prison ； Resistance

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