青少年街頭搶奪犯罪之研究－以臺南地區爲例

臺閩地區近10年搶奪案件約占所有暴力犯罪的3~5成，青少年參與搶奪犯罪之人數雖較諸2000年以前略有下降之勢，但透過媒體報導及實務觀察，其犯罪之手段及罪質上均有惡化之情形。其中，又以機車爲犯案工具的街頭搶奪犯罪最爲常見，由於經常是在短時間內連續犯罪，易造成數名被害人身體、心理及財產之傷害，且因其高機動性，不易查緝，亦令治安單位感到棘手。爰此，本研究乃欲針對青少年街頭搶奪犯罪行爲，進行較深入的研究與探討。在研究設計上，係以研究者所在地－臺南地區搶奪犯罪案件爲基礎，以立意抽樣方式，在臺南監獄及高雄明陽中學等二處矯治機構中，抽選9名曾犯下街頭搶奪案件之青少年，採質性訪談法，對個案進行半結構式的深度訪談，以獲取關於這類型的犯罪現象及對犯罪青少年較深入的認識與了解，俾提供作爲防治實務之參考。研究結果發現：個案多數來自親職教養失能的家庭，與家庭的依附關係薄弱；又因爲課業學習成就低，得不到學校老師的肯定與關懷，轉向相同境遇的同儕，尋求接納、歸屬感，繼而伙同從事偏差活動。搶奪的動機包括：(1)爲了滿足經濟需求，並塑造在同儕中「很有辦法」的形象，遂動手搶奪，而(2)搶奪時被害人或警察追緝的刺激感，及成功搶得財物後的成就感，都是促使他們接連犯案的因素；最值得注意的是，(3)他們在搶奪時多半是輕忽被捕的理性考量，且誤認自己的法律責任。

關鍵字

搶奪；暴力犯罪；青少年

並列摘要

This research is aimed at the street robbery offenses committed by juveniles. It is designed on a basis of the offenses in Tainan district where the researcher located. 9 juvenile offenders who had ever committed robbery offenses on street were chosen with purposeful sampling from 2 correctional institutions, Tainan Prison and Yang-min High School. Semi-structure in-depth interview in qualitative research method was further conducted. In the aspects of these offenders' family relationship, school experience and social influence, it concludes some similar results found/proven by many previous researches: 1. Deficient family function and unpleasant life experience caused the juveniles' weak bonds to their families. 2. Because of low learning achievement, they lacked of teachers' concern. They, therefore, turned to attach to those same-situation peers and acted deviances. As to offending motivation: 3. They started to rob for the need of money and an image of ”transcendence” in their peers, 4. The feeling of excitement and achievement, however, increased their offending motivation as well. 5. Moreover, they seemed to lack of rational consideration of the possibility of being arrested and misunderstand their legal responsibilities.