本土化縱火防制策略初探－以高雄市人爲縱火案件爲例

Preliminary Study of Kaohsiung City's Arson Cases in 2004-2009

洪聖儀(Sheng-I Hung)

《犯罪學期刊》 13卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 69-107

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.201012.0003

摘要

全國火災發生數雖逐年下降，惟縱火案件比率自民國93年起卻有逐年增加之趨勢，值得加以重視與警惕。本文首先藉由探討高雄市近期偵破較具代表性且犯罪動機迥異之4件人爲縱火案（分別發生於新興區、前金區、左營區及前鎮區），深入剖析縱火犯縱火手法及心理狀態，並詳述火災調查人員勘查縱火現場的注意事項及破案關鍵。緊接著以高雄市93至98年間登錄於內政部消防署「消防資訊管理系統」之84件縱火案件爲研究對象，採用事後回溯研究法(The Retrospective Research)及官方統計二手分析法(The Official Statistics)蒐集警察機關移送書、法院判決內容，並輔以當時網路媒體新聞、消防局火災原因調查鑑定書等資料加以整合，採取次數分配表(frequency table)與卡方獨立性檢定(chi-square test of independence)針對縱火個案的犯罪地點、動機、縱火對象、縱火物質、引火方式、有無共犯、破案關鍵、判決結果與縱火犯年齡、職業、婚姻狀況、教育程度、精神狀態等變項進行統計分析，以瞭解高雄市縱火犯罪之趨勢與特性。
最後建議由強化縱火罪犯之嚇阻對策、提昇消防單位火場鑑識能力及淨化社會環境等3大方向著手，以逐步建立具體、有效的本土化縱火防制策略。

關鍵字

縱火 ； 事後回溯研究法 ； 卡方獨立性檢定

並列摘要

In spite of the gradual decrease in the number of fires in Taiwan, arson cases have been increasing annually since 2004. First, we will consider four cases representative of the different motivations for arson typical of Kaohsiung city. Then we will expand our focus to analyze the 84 Kaohsiung city arson cases found in the National Fire Department Information System from 2004-2009.
The results indicate that the percent of arson cases solved in Kaohsiung city is higher than other cities. The majority of arson cases happen between 3 and 6 am, and most often are in February. Most arsonists use gasoline and a lighter to start the fire, and most target buildings. Upon further analysis of the 43 arrested arsonists, we found non-married unemployed males with only a junior high school education formed the highest proportion. Arson motivations ranged from hatred and revenge to emotional disputes to pleasure. According to the chi-square test of independence, the arsonists will make the decision to stay (or not) at the fire scene based on the significance of their educational level and the time they start the fire. Finally, the paper recommends three courses of action to establish a specific and more effective localized arson prevention strategy.

並列關鍵字

arson ； retrospective research ； chi-square test of independence

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