表現型犯罪的情境預防－一個西方犯罪學視角的觀察

Situational Crime Prevention Techniques on Expressive Crimes: A Western Criminological Literatures' Review

劉濤(Tao Liu)

《犯罪學期刊》 15卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 71-87

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.201206.0003

摘要

表現型犯罪是指帶有強烈情感色彩的侵害法益的行為，這類行為可以包括由組車所引起的交通事故、由足球流氓引起的傷害事件、故意毀壞財物、強制性交、猥褻兒童等。在社會轉型期的中國，表現型犯罪已屢見不鮮，其防治成為須待解決的問題。犯罪情境預防理論基於基於西方古典犯罪學派思想、理性選擇理論與機會控制思想，是防治表現型犯罪的一套成熟的理論體系和策略應用。西方犯罪學文獻中對民情境預防之於表現型犯罪也有批判，情境預防理論的宣導者從理論的正當性與實際犯罪的預防效果兩方面對批判進行了回應，進一步論證了情境預防是對抗表現型犯罪的有效途徑之一。

關鍵字

表現型犯罪 ； 西方古典犯罪學派 ； 犯罪情境預防理論

並列摘要

Expressive crimes are those which contain a significant emotional element such as joyriding, football hooligans and child molests, etc. During the transformation period of China, expressive crimes are not trivial and the prevention of such crimes becomes a key issue. The situational crime prevention theory (SCP), which is based on the western classical criminology and prerequisites the idea of rational offenders and opportunity control, is a effective way of preventing expressive crimes. In western criminology literatures, there are some critiques of this situational approach. The advocates of situational crime prevention theories argued about those critiques both from the theoretical foundation of SCP and its practical applications of specific crimes, which justified that SCP is an efficient method to tackle expressive crimes.

並列關鍵字

expressive crimes ； western classical criminology ； situational crime prevention

參考文獻

Becarria, C.(1993)。論犯罪與刑罰。北京:中國大百科全書出版社。

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Clarke, R.(1992).Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies.New York:Harrow & Heston.