應用模糊灰關聯與結構方程模式分析越洋貨櫃航商之港口選擇因素結構

Analysis and Comparison on Factors Structure for Port Choice of Trunk Liners with GRA with Fuzzy Entropy and Structural Equation Model (SEM)

戴輝煌(Hui-Huang Tai)

《高雄海洋科大學報》 21期 (2007/03) Pp. 181-210

https://doi.org/10.6983/KHHYKTHP.200703.0181

摘要

本文旨在探討不同研究方法之結合與應用過程，並以高雄港為研究個案，藉之探究貨櫃航商選擇港口之影響因素（例如內部條件、外部環境、營運策略）與營運誘因（例如增加營收、節省成本等）之間的關係，並就各因素所形成的港口競爭優勢，進行不同屬性航商面對高雄港各個優勢的差異性分析。研究結果顯示：不同區域所屬航商（兩岸、歐美與亞洲其他航商），對於高雄港各項優勢與營運誘因的整體重視程度是互異的。貨櫃航商在高雄港之營運策略配合因素，對於航商整體營運成本之節省，具有正向之影響，且該因素與樞紐港口外部環境間，具有顯著之相關性，而高雄港外部環境愈佳，則愈有助於貨櫃航商擴大其市場範圍與增加營收。本文亦發現：傳統之檢定方法，可以輕易地處理不同屬性航商對於各項變因之差異性分析，而以模糊熵之灰關聯方法；配合模糊相似度分析，則可以處理類別變數（因素）間的差異性檢定。結構方程模式，則可處理上述二種方法均無法處理之明顯變數與潛在變數、及潛在變數與潛在變數間的關係推導。

關鍵字

營運誘因 ； 灰關聯分析 ； 模糊相似度分析 ； 結構方程模式

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to confer on the process and application for methodology, by exploring the relationships and analyzing the difference among port competitive advantages formed with influential factors (including internal and external factors of port, and operational strategy of container carriers) and operational incentives (such as expanding the market, increasing revenue, cost-saving of liners, etc.) of port selection by the case of Kaohsiung with different attributes of container carriers. Results indicated that there is different integrated value on the advantages and incentives among carriers discriminated from the Across-Taiwan-strait liners, other Asia liners, and European/American liners for Kaohsiung port selection. The operational strategy of container carriers has direct impacts on cost-saving of liners and is positively correlated with the external factors of Kaohsiung port. In addition, external factors have positive impacts on expanding market and increasing revenue of container carriers. It also shows that difference analysis could use the traditional statistic testing on the variables for different attributes of carriers, and GRA with Fuzzy & Entropy accompanied FSM could test the difference of factors formed by variables. The relationships between latent and manifest variable, and among the latent variables could be derived from the SEM.

並列關鍵字

Operational Incentives ； Grey Relational Analysis GRA ； Fuzzy Similarity Measure FSM ； Structural Equations Modeling SEM