大專甲組體操選手運動傷害發生原因、處理方式與預防策略之研究

A Study of the Causes of Sport Injury, Management and Preventive Strategy for Distinguished College Gymnastics Players

鄭黎暉(Li-Hui Cheng)

《藝術學報》 79期 (2006/10) Pp. 215-230

https://doi.org/10.6793/JNTCA.200610.0020

摘要

本研究目的在探討瞭解大專甲組優秀男、女體操選手運動傷害發生原因、運動傷害發生後的處理狀況為何、以及預防運動傷害發生的策略。本研究以國立體育學院以及國立台東大學體操選手共25名（男生14名、女生11名）為受試對象。本研究調查問卷修改江金裕和余美麗(2004)所編制的「大專女子體操選手運動傷害調查問卷」進行調查。研究結果發現大專甲組體操選手的第一次運動傷害主要是發生在地板運動項目，以腳踝關節為最多發生部位。運動傷害發生的直接原因以碰撞地面、器械、他人，與器械和地面摩擦以及由器械上墜落所佔的比例為最高，其次為著地失去平衡；間接原因以動作不熟為最高，注意力不集中次之，再其次則為技術錯誤。運動傷害的時機大多集中在專項訓練上，特別是在無人保護的情況下(92%)，造成受傷的動作則以訓練中的動作(56.25%)最高，學習很久與剛剛學會的動作造成傷害率反而較低。發生運動傷害時多會依照PRICE處理，醫療方式以中醫(36.36%)和國術館(22.73%)為主。大部分選手會在運動前實施貼紮和實施熱身運動，但僅有一半的選手在運動後會固定實施緩和運動。因此，本研究結果建議大專甲組體操選手應加強預防運動傷害的觀念，並做好各種預防運動傷害的措施；並提供體操教練和選手在訓練計劃擬定、訓練環境配置、動作編排以及預防運動傷害處理的參考。

關鍵字

運動傷害 ； 體操 ； 預防策略

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to understand the causes of sporting injuries, management and strategies to prevent injury for distinguished college gymnastics players. 25 gymnastics players (14 males and 11 females) were recruited from National College of Physical Education and Sports and National Ta-Tung University. The questionnaire used in this study was revised from the ”Questionnaires of Sporting Injuries for College Female Gymnastics Players” by Chiang Chin-Yu and Yu Mei-Li（2004）. This study found that the first time of sporting injury mainly happens at ankle injury of floor exercise. The highest rate of direct causes of sport injury was the collision of floor surface, machines and other people, frictions with equipment and floor and the falling down from machines. The highest rate of indirect causes making sport injuries was the unfamiliarity of exercise movement and not to concentrate attention was the next. The technical mistake was the third. The timing of sport injury mostly happens on a specific professional training especially in the situation without other's protection (92%). The rate (56.25%) of movement in training progress which makes injury was much higher than the rate of movement that was just learned or leaned already for a long time. The PRICE model was mostly applied to deal with sport injury, and the Chinese medical care (36.36%) and traditional martial art house medical care (22.73%) were the commonest way used in sport injury cases. Before exercise, most players would use the medicalcloth- bundling and warm up their bodies, but only half of the players stably execute alleviation movement after exercise. Thus, this study suggests that distinguished college gymnastics players should enforce the idea and take good measurements of how to prevent sport injury. In addition, this study may also be a useful reference for gymnastics coach and players in terms of training planning, the facilitating of training environment, movement design and the management of preventing sport injuries.

並列關鍵字

Sport Injury ； Gymnastics ； Preventive Strategy

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