「獅」「象」立名在傳統建築裝飾的運用

傳統建築裝飾常見的獅與象，除了在斗座上以單一的獅座、象座呈現，或於雀替、牆堵上與其他祥物組合成圖外，在「祈求吉慶」與「博古花卉」的題材上，常見其駝負吉物的特殊形式，其中尤以泉州匠師施作的建物為多。本文嘗試以「獅」「象」的民間工藝藝術，及台灣、金門、泉州等地廟祠、宅第的裝飾實物為例，將其圖像資料，籍由諧音、象徵、指事、聯想等吉祥物生成法則的運用手法加以分析，探討獅與象在傳統建築裝飾圖例上的變化運用，及其立名所隱含的吉祥意義。

關鍵字

建築裝飾；博古；獅；象

並列摘要

Lions and elephants are often found in traditional building ornamentation. Besides appearing as single lion brackets or elephant brackets bracing beams and girders or in combination depictions with other auspicious animals on sparrow brackets and walls, they often appear in unique shapes bearing other auspicious animals on their backs in thematic portrayals of ”praying for the auspicious” or flower paintings in an imitative ancient style, mostly on buildings constructed by Quanzhou craftsmen. The article scrutinizes the images of lions and elephants in folk craft art using ornamentation of temples and residences in Taiwan, Kinmen and Quanzhou as examples, attempting to analyze then in terms of the use of homonyms (of depicted objects to suggest represented themes), symbolism, allusions and connotations. It also examines changes in the use of lions and elephants I ornamental illustrations on traditional buildings and the implied auspicious significance of their names.