共和的危機：民初政權更迭頻繁原因的政治社會學理解

The Crisis of Republic: The Study of the Causes of Frequent Successions of Regime in the Early Republic of China from the Aspect of Political Sociology

趙叔鍵(Shu-Chien Chao)

《中華行政學報》 2期 (2005/06) Pp. 121-151

https://doi.org/10.6712/JCPA.200506_(2).0009

摘要

對於政治危機，我國從政者與學者多習慣於以憲政改革因應之，認為只要把制度設計好，政治運作自然順暢。而本文從對清末民初政權更迭過程的分析中，指出使政權得以穩定的不是制度設計的良窳，而是相關行為者是否信服它的統治。也就是說，維持政權穩定的主因是正當性，而非合法性。雖然統治者都會想創造一文化霸權以使被統治者信服其統治正當性，但統治正當性不能單方面地由統治者創造出來，統治者必須能回應社會主流的關注，抓住時代的主題，才能創造出令人信服的正當性。民國初年的南、北政府，就因無法認知到創造統治正當性的重要性，才導致政權不安定。

關鍵字

正當性 ； 合法性 ； 文化霸權

並列摘要

About political crisis, in our country the politicians and scholars always treat it as constitutional crisis and presume that the operation of power will be fine as long as the system design is also fine. This article is to analysis the power succession process from the end of the Ching Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic and to point out that it is not the system design but the power players who should believe in the mechanism of the political system. In other words, the stability to uphold a political regime is from legitimacy not legality. All political administrators like to form a cultural hegemony and make their subordinates and followers believe in their ruling legitimacy, but the ruling legitimacy just can not be created by the rulers single handed. The power holder must be able to response to the concerns of the social majority and address the issues of the age, then find the convincing legitimacy. The north and south government in the early Republic did not grasp the importance of ruling legitimacy and then caused the instability of executive power.

並列關鍵字

legitimacy ； legality ； cultural hegemony

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