半總統制下的“總統化政黨”現象：以民進黨執政時期爲例

我國憲政體制具有半總統制特性，在半總統制下總統和其所屬政黨的關係及其對政黨的影響，無論是在憲政現實層面或是理論層面，均屬重要的課題。本文以我國半總統制在公元2000年至2008年陳水扁總統主政時期為例加以探討，並分析所產生的「總統化政黨」(presidentialized parties)現象。本文發現，陳水扁總統是否兼任黨主席呈現非常浮動的變遷狀態，而雖然總統無論有無兼任黨主席，實際上都是政黨實質上的領導人，不過從民進黨確立執政時期總統為當然黨主席之政策以及實務來看，總統兼任黨主席時之黨政運作顯得較為順暢。「總統化政黨」的現象是很明顯的，這表現在民進黨作為執政黨相對於總統呈現自主性降低，成為選舉機器。造成這種現象來自於實權總統的憲政角色，以及向總統傾斜的半總統制特性，有其制度的、結構上的基礎和誘因。

關鍵字

半總統制；總統化政黨；黨政關係；民主進步黨

並列摘要

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the president and his party after the first change of the ruling party in Taiwan from 2000 to 2008 years. This research topic is by no means new one. However, works explicitly devoted to it are relatively rare and we still lack an adequate understanding of party-government relationship. Besides, we also lack general hypotheses about how the structure of semi-presidentialism would affect political parties. Recently, scholars have found that there has been the phenomenon of parties becoming ”presidentialized” under presidentialism and semi-presidentialism. The relationship of DPP's party-government should be considered under the structure of president-dominant semi-presidentialism and divided-monority government during the past eight years. We find that whether The President Chen Shui-bian is the chairman of the DPP or not, he is still the real leader of the party and the phenomenon of presidentialized party of DPP is obvious.