中國少數族群文化政策：以新疆維吾爾自治區為個案分析

世界上，「族群問題」對於許多國家而言，是一個「大哉問」，也是一個很重要的文化政策議題。此外，一個國家若無法將其國內的「族群關係」與「族群問題」處理得宜時，對該國家與政府機關在國際上的名聲會造成根本性之衝擊與影響。所以，各國無不關心此方面。人類組成了族群，族群組成了國家，沒有人就沒有國家。因此，探析一個國家內部的族群問題乃是爲了維持並鞏固國家之穩定，是一個合乎邏輯思考的分析工作。本文的研究目的在於論證中國少數族群文化政策的執行面並未符合其國內法律體系中保護少數族群的立法精神。研究問題是中國少數族群的文化政策是否符合多元文化主義與國際人權組織保障少數族群權益之核心概念。本文之研究架構分成三個重點：首先，爲了理解維吾爾族的問題，本文會先分析中國少數族群的法制體系並說明中國加入之國際組織之規定；再者，本文從多元文化主義與人權保障的觀點出發，以中國新疆維吾爾自治區田野調查之經驗來探討該自治區內的族群關係、族群文化與族群問題。此部分内容分爲：中國少數族群與維吾爾族之概況、中國少數族群文化的法政體系、中國加入國際組織的規定、設身處地的族群生活經驗與實際接觸維族的文化經驗、維吾爾族的社會運動；最後，以多元文化主義的理論探討新疆維吾爾自治區的族群問題。

關鍵字

族群問題；多元文化主義；少數族群政策；新疆維吾爾自治區；田野調查

並列摘要

For multicultural countries around the world, ”ethnic groups' problems” represent a very important dilemma and it is also an important issue for cultural policy studies. Furthermore, if countries are unable to face internal ethnic relation challenges and national ethnic groups' problems, these ones may impact them and lead to fundamental influences on the international level, particularly on the reputation of a government and can erode the nation's image. Every country needs research on the subject, that research can also be a logical reflection, an analysis of ethnic national problem which will contribute to maintain and consolidate country' stability.This paper is a survey of the current situation of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. It aims mainly to demonstrate that the implementation of Chinese cultural minority policies is not conform to the national legal system intention to legislate minority protection. This paper will try to understand if the government's cultural minority policies in China respect the policy of multiculturalism, the protection of fundamental values, and if they respect international organization concept. To understand the problem of Uyghur minority group, this paper provides three main points. First, it examines the legal system of ethnic minorities in China, then it compares the legislation with international codifications which China adhere. Next, according to fieldwork, the paper explores the interethnic relations between Han and Uyghur and ethnic minorities' culture which had been emerge in Xinjiang since last years. Finally, the paper analyzes ethnic minorities' problems in Xinjiang according to the theory of multiculturalism.