論中國客家研究的現況

中華人民共和國自建國後至中國文化大革命結束，由於強調社會主義社會改造與中國文化革命，對於各民族之文化傳統與認同乃視之為封建主義與分裂主義而無不極力壓抑，客家文化及其認同自然亦受到同等對待，導致客家研究亦隨之幾乎一片空白。文革結束後，1984年由地處客家原鄉之廣東省嘉應高等師範專科學校與福建省龍巖高等師範專科學校發端，揭開當代客家研究之序幕，繼之在華東師範大學中國史學研究所的支持與認可下，客家研究之研究方法開始建構，專門研究單位開始設立並承接研究課題，專門學術期刊創刊提供研究成果發表園地，更者，以廣東省梅州市為首，地方黨政部門積極投入客家文化之發揚，而以大型國際學術研討會之舉辦帶動客家研究之風氣。1989年羅香林客家研究經典著作《客家源流考》重新在中國大陸出版，繼之，以客家源流為對象、試圖在中原正統論之外另建學術典範的熱潮，遂於1990年代導引客家研究能量之全面爆發，重要學術經典著作一一問世，而構成當代中國客家研究的框架與全貌。然吾人亦發現，中國客家研究於歷史學與民族學取徑之研究雖有豐富之成果，但於客家族群權益、客家治理、文化產業與地方經濟等課題則較少著墨，此固然與當代中國客家研究先行者之學術訓練與研究取向有關，實也與當地客家政治與社會發展受到中國共產黨黨國體制之主導有關，即當客家族群有意識且有能力主動影響政策形成過程的社會與政治條件成熟之前，以客家族群為中心的政治與經濟活動必然較為岑寂，自然也較難吸引社會科學界的關注與投入研究。

關鍵字

客家；中國客家；羅香林；中原正統說

並列摘要

From the state-building to the end of Chinese Cultural Revolution, the People's Republic of China stressed the socialist transformation of society and Chinese cultural revolution. So the cultural tradition and identity of each nation seen as feudalism and separatism were strongly suppressed. Hakka culture and identity were treated as any nation in China equally naturally, making Hakka studies almost a blank. Since the era of post-Chinese Cultural Revolution, two Teachers' Colleges located in Hakka homeland, Guangdong Jiaying Teachers' College and Fujian Longyan Teach! ers' College had kicked off contemporary Hakka studies since 1984. Under the support and admiration of the Institute of Chinese Historical Studies of East China Normal University, Hakka studies' research methods were constructed, specific research units were built everywhere and undertook research programs, specific academic journals were founded to provide corners for publishing research. In the meantime, Guangdong Meizhou City led Hakka local authorities to actively involve in promoting Hakka culture, and to organize large-scale international conferences of the Hakka studies. When Lo Hsiang-lin's Hakka study monumental work Hakka Origins was re-published in mainland China in 1989, trying to build a new paradigm which was focusing on Hakka origin but outside the Central Plains Orthodox which guided the outbreak of the energy of Hakka Studies in the 1990s. Many important academic works were published one by one, forming the framework and morphology of contemporary China's Hakka Studies. However, we also discovered that China's Hakka Studies has rich achievements based on history and ethnology, but China's Hakka Studies circle's interest in Hakka ethnic rights, Hakka governance, cultural industry and local economic issues were less focused. It was inherently affected by contemporary China's Hakka Studies Pioneers' academic training and research orientation, but also with the local Hakka real political and social development which is controlled by the Chinese Communist party-state system. In other words, if the social and! Political conditions is not mature for Hakka people to cultivate consciousness and ability to affect Hakka policy making process, the political and economic activities based on Hakka people must be limited, certainly Hakka studies is hard to attract social scientists' interest and engagement.