能源光電LED產業政策與競爭策略之研究

A Study of the Industrial Policy and Competitive Strategies of Taiwan's LED Industry

邱冠斌(Philip Kuan-Pin Chiu) ； 邱冠燿(Charles Kuan-Yao Chiu) ； 陳金花(Chin-Hua Chen)

《中華行政學報》 10期 (2012/06) Pp. 173-199

https://doi.org/10.6712/JCPA.201206_(10).0008

摘要

台灣LED廠商與國際大廠相較之下，資本及規模相對小很多，LED的關鍵零組件與材料的專利也都掌握在日、美大廠手中。由於上游缺乏主要原料及設備的供應，而下游的投入成本及技術門檻相對較低，因此台灣LED產業由下游開始發源，目前仍大都集中在下游。由於LED具驚人的節能減碳效果，在各國極力倡導環保意識下，且應用領域持續擴大，因此已吸引各國際及國內集團相繼投入。台灣LED產業近幾年掀起整合的風潮，各上、中、下游透過不斷的合併、投資、策略結盟等整合策略，擴大規模、通路、技術及專利交互授權，以提升國際競爭力。2005年是LED產業整併的關鍵年，在2005年之後，除了一、二線廠透過不斷的整合以爭台灣龍頭地位外，大集團對LED產業布局更是急起直追。由整併趨勢觀察，大者競爭力恆大趨勢更形顯著。本研究主要是以台灣LED產業上、下游及終端應用為研究範圍，以次級資料及專家深度訪談之質化研究方法，探討LED產業的整合趨勢，產業政策，形成各整合結果的原因，以及競爭策略。本研究發現，台灣LED上游產業為水平整合趨勢，下游產為垂直整合趨勢，台灣與國際級集團為逆向垂直整合趨勢，長期總體整合為完整的垂直整合趨勢。針對各整合趨勢下，本研究提出台灣LED產業上、下游及終端應用的競爭策略。

關鍵字

發光二極體（LED） ； 產業政策 ； 競爭策略 ； 垂直整合 ； 水平整合 ； 購併

並列摘要

Compared with international manufacturers, Taiwan's LED manufacturers are much smaller in both scale and capital input. Japanese and American manufacturers hold the patents on critical components and materials of LED. Due to the shortage of main materials and equipments in the upstream, and low cost and technical requirements in the downstream, Taiwan's LED industry originates and masses in the lower reaches. Under the circumstance that all countries advocate environment protection, many domestic and international groups invest in LED since it is energy saving, carbon reducing and widely applicable. In the early period, constrained by patent, technology and scale, Taiwan's LED industry was relatively laggard.In recent years, manufacturers have launched a wave of integration through merger, investment and tactical alliance, so as to promote international competitiveness by expanding scale and channel, and exchanging technique and patent grant. According to the industry development observation, the year 2005 is a critical year of industry merger. Since then, most manufacturers have been striving for a dominant position. From the observation of merger trend, we can clearly see that larger scale brings stronger competitiveness.This research focuses on application terminal, the upstream and downstream LED industry of Taiwan. Here this paper inquiries the integration trend of LED industry and causes of the integration result, industrial policy, as well as competitive strategy, in virtue of industry matrix and deep interview with experts.The results of this survey indicate that the upstream LED industry of Taiwan presents the horizontal integration trend, while the downstream industry presents the vertical integration trend. Taiwan and international groups present the backward vertical integration trend. The long-term overall integration is complete vertical trend. In the light of different trends, the research offers corresponding competitive strategy, respectively, which will be highly contributive to Taiwan's LED industry.

並列關鍵字

LED (Light Emitting Diode) ； Industrial Policy ； Strategy ； Vertical Integration ； Horizontal Integration ； Merge & Acquisitions

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