開放政府之理念與實踐－－初探臺北市柯文哲政府

民主政治的發展與運作，從早期主張人民擁有主權、選舉、參政及公民投票的權利和制度，至今已著重於人民對於政府決策過程的參與、審議及課責，由此可見，傳統民主理論所重視之人民主權與代議政府概念，已演變而為直接民權和審議式民主的民主化決策所取代，開放政府之理念，乃逐漸受到重視，而其中融合了的政府再造及民主審議精神，也因應資訊時代的進展，發展出審議式民主與政府資訊公開等民主治理策略，其目的，則在體現民主的價值，而以資訊公開、公民參與及廉政透明等措施，讓政府的決策亦可於日常供社會大眾參與、審議與公評。本研究運用文獻分析方法，耙梳開放政府相關學理及制度，認識到當前國際發展趨勢，而以此為參照，檢視臺北市長柯文哲所首倡的「開放政府，全民參與」施政理念及其政策，是否符應開放政府的普遍概念，並有助於臺灣地方自治與基層民主的深化。

關鍵字

開放政府；公民參與；審議式民主；臺北市；柯文哲

並列摘要

The emphasis of the development and practice of democracy has been drifted from people's rights and institution of sovereignty, general election, participation in politics and referendum to people's engagement, deliberation and accountability on governmental decision-making process. This shows that the concepts of popular sovereignty and representative government stressed in traditional democratic theory have been succeeded gradually by the democratic decision making on direct democracy and deliberate democracy. The idea of open government, therefore, draws people's attention accordingly. It fuses the spirits of government reinvention and democratic deliberation that, in response to the progress of the information age, have developed fundamental democratic governing strategies, such as deliberate democracy and government information publication. The purpose of these strategies is to realize the value of democracy so that people can take part in, deliberate and criticize the governmental policy in everyday life through the measures of information publication, citizen engagement and transparency. This paper adopts literal analysis to investigate the theory and institution of open government and realize the current international trends. Take these findings as references, it examines if the ideas and policies of open government and public participation that Wen-je Ko Administration of Taipei City initiated would conform to the general concept of open government and contribute to the implementation of local autonomy and grassroots democracy in Taiwan.