施用毒品再犯風險之評估－RANT®評量工具探討為例

Evaluation of the Risk of Drug Recidivism-RANT® Assessment Tool as an Example

黃光甫(Kuang-Fu Huang) ； 許華孚(Hua-Fu Hsu) ； 劉育偉(Yu-Wei Liu)

《中華行政學報》 25期 (2019/12) Pp. 87-105

https://doi.org/10.6712/JCPA.201912_(25).0005

摘要

毒品氾濫情況可說是當前最嚴重的犯罪、社會問題與公共衛生之一。毒品成癮與吸食的相關研究與具體防治策略也不斷地修正，但整體毒品再犯比率不斷提升至目前的50%左右，其中再犯的嚴重性一直是我國戮力改進的目標；為了解決毒品吸食再犯的成因及提供政府制定毒品再犯預防政策的參考，本文蒐集2009至2018年我國毒品再犯吸食風險因子的研究，歸納近十年來毒品再犯吸食的風險因素，並透過文獻分析來了解台灣毒品再犯的相關因子與防治作為。研究發現，再犯個體特性與性別、年齡、職業、教育程度及工作情況有關，高再犯風險群為男性、過往有吸食經驗、無業、教育程度低及經濟狀況較不佳者；家庭因素則為單身或無婚姻狀態、家庭依附與支持低下者；同儕因素則以偏差同儕與人際衝突是高再犯風險者主要因子；至於重大事件心理壓力（消極情緒、壓力事件、低自我控制及面對壓力的自我防衛機制）、社會環境因素（標籤作用、處遇成效、社會支持網絡）亦均為施用毒品高再犯風險群的因素之一。另建議採用RANT®再犯評估工具，結合學術實證研究，提高毒品再犯風險評估，並擴大社會支持網絡，以推動自主戒癮成為再犯預防的主要模式。

關鍵字

毒品再犯 ； 後設分析 ； 再犯風險 ； RANT®

並列摘要

The drug epidemic is one of the most serious crimes, social problems and public health at present. Drug addiction and smoking related research and specific prevention and control strategies are also constantly revised, but the overall drug recidivism rate has been increasing to 50% or so, of which the seriousness of recidivism has been the goal of china's efforts to improve. In order to solve the causes of drug recidivism and provide the government with a test of drug recidivism prevention policy, this paper collects the research on the risk factors of drug recidivism in Taiwan from 2009 to 2018, summarizes the risk factors of drug recidivism in the past ten years, and understands the relevant factors and prevention and control of drug recidivism in Taiwan through literature analysis. The study found that recidivism was related to gender, age, occupation, education and job status. The high risk groups for reoffending are men, those with past experience of smoking, lack of employment, low education and poor economic performance. The family factors are those who are single or unmarried, who're and have low family dependency and support. Peer factors are the main factors for high recidivism risk by bias peer and interpersonal conflict. As for the psychological pressure of major events (negative emotions, stress events, low self-control and self-defense mechanisms faced with stress), social environmental factors (labeling effect, effectiveness, social support network) are also among the factors of the high risk group of drug recidivism. It is also suggested that RANT® recidivism assessment tool should be used, combined with academic empirical research, improve the risk assessment of drug recidivism, and expand the social support network to promote self-addiction as the main mode of recidivism prevention.

並列關鍵字

Drug Recidivism ； Post-analysis ； Risk of Recidivism ； RANT®

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