- 會議論文
- OpenAccess
毒品犯再犯風險與矯治成效國際評估指標
International Indicators of Recidivism Risk and Treatment Effects for Drug Abusers
摘要
毒品犯之再犯風險極高，不僅嚴重影響施用者之身體健康，進而耗費大量醫療資源，亦可能危害治安狀況，造成各國犯罪矯正機關人滿為患。除此之外，相較於其他犯罪而言，毒品犯之矯治成效不易彰顯且評估面臨挑戰，影響毒品犯矯治對策之發展（楊士隆、李思賢等，2020）。為此，本文將分別介紹聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室（UNODC）、美國國家藥物濫用研究所（NIDA）及歐洲藥物及藥物成癮監測中心（EMCDDA）等毒品問題研究機構針對毒品施用者所提出之再犯風險因素並結合臺灣相關實證調查研究之結果，歸納出重要的毒品犯再犯風險指標。其次，嘗試回顧國際研究文獻，檢視有關藥癮矯治成效之評估指標如正向認知、再犯率、就業表現及再犯風險需求評估RNR 等，並介紹美國物質成癮和心理健康服務部（SAMHSA）及美國衛生研究院（NIH）等研究機構之評估指標。最後，針對國內外犯罪矯正機構常運用之矯治成效評估量表進行優點、缺點與應用方式之說明，並綜合文獻所述提出相關評論與建議。
並列摘要
Drug abusers' high risk of recidivism not only significantly impair their health, then cost plenty of medical resources, but also disrupt public order and make the prison over-crowded. Besides, unlike other types of crimes, the treatment effect of drug abusers is not easy to be found or evaluated correctly (Yang, Lee et al., 2020). In this article, firstly, we introduced some recidivism risk factors provided by international research institutes, focusing on drug abuse issues, such as UNODC, NIDA, and EMCDDA. Also, we will compare them with some evidence-based research in Taiwan to find out important recidivism risk indicators for drug abusers. Secondly, we reviewed international literature to understand the evaluation indicators of treatment effect for drug abusers, such as positive cognition, recidivism rate, employment performance and the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR). Moreover, we introduced other evaluation indicators of treatment effects provided by SAMHSA and NIH. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages, and application methods of the evaluation scale commonly used by domestic and internatioanal correction institutions were discussed.
延伸閱讀
- 黃春美（2010）。毒品施用者再犯危險因子分析及預測。犯罪學期刊，13(1)，27-77。https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.201006.0002
- 李思賢、楊士隆、楊浩然、吳慧菁、廖文婷、林依蒖、鄭凱寶、David Festinger、Karan Dugosh、Brittney Seymour（2014）。毒品施用者再犯風險與醫療需求評量工具之研究。犯罪防治研究專刊，(2)，2-13。https://doi.org/10.6460/CPCP.201410_(2).0001
- 郭適維、陳玉書、林健陽、劉士誠（2022）。「繼續施用毒品傾向評估指標」預測效度之研究。矯政期刊，11(1)，64-111。https://doi.org/10.6905/JC.202201_11(1).0003
- 李承哲（2019）。毒品犯罪防制策略之成效評估研究〔碩士論文，義守大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0074-0608201923502000
- 曾淑萍、蔡修毓（2010）。Research on Applying ANFIS to Risk Assessment of Drug Recidivism。犯罪學期刊，13(2)，41-68。https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.201012.0002