運動知覺訓練與知覺預期能力相關文獻回顧

知覺訓練有益於運動技能的發展，透過視覺、聽覺刺激促使大腦進行反應決策，進而增進運動表現。許多文獻資料顯示，知覺訓練對於許多運動項目都有正面的成效，因此，本文以文獻回顧方式，旨在了解近年來有關知覺訓練的方式與成效，進而提供不同的訓練觀點與研究方向。回顧文獻結果顯示：一、專家擁有較佳的前線索預期能力，而透過知覺訓練後，無論是專家或是生手，皆能達成知覺預期能力的提升。二、知覺訓練大抵採用時間遮蔽法，將訓練影片擷取成適當前線索片段，以觸球瞬間或運動技能展現瞬間為切點，前後推算適當影格或微秒，作為訓練用途。三、研究方向建議：以國小為對象的研究較為缺乏，由於國小的孩童專注能力較差、專注時間也較短，透過短時間、多次數的知覺訓練方式或許可以彌補該缺失。資訊科技發達的時代，知覺訓練影片若能結合虛擬實境，更能貼近現實情況，有助於知覺訓練效果，而近年來的研究大多偏重於羽球、網球項目，建議可探討其他運動項目增添研究多樣性。

關鍵字

前線索；知覺預期能力；時間遮蔽法

並列摘要

Literature shows that perception training has positive effects on different kinds of sports. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review research related to training methods and the effectiveness of perceptual training in recent years, and to provide different perspectives and suggestions for future research. The results showed that: (1) Experts have better anticipation ability than novices. After perception training, both of experts and novices improved their anticipation ability. (2) Most of the perception training used time shading method, with video being cut into different clips with appropriate pre-cue. The cutting point of the video was the moments that athletes contacted with balls or performed a specific skill. (3) Suggestions for future research were discussed. Research focused on elementary school students was relatively rare. Given that elementary school students have poor focus ability, short times and multiple perceptual training designs might be a practicable way of training. In the modern age where information explodes every minute, perceptual training using appropriate software, virtual reality may increase the training effects on anticipation ability. Most of the research has focused on badminton and tennis, other sports can be explored to increase research diversity.