- 期刊
莎劇《第十二夜》節慶狂歡論析
An Analysis on the Festiveness and Carnivals of "Twelfth Night"
摘要
《第十二夜》（”Tweljih Night”）被許多學者評為莎士比亞最出色的喜劇作品，它是莎士比亞為宮廷中的貴族所撰寫，為了慶祝「主顯節」（Epiphany）而誕生的劇本，因此劇中隨處可見節慶狂歡的氣氛。《第十二夜》由主顯節而來的背景，歡樂的唱歌跳舞、浪漫的愛情故事，甚至到丑角的狂言狂語，都是本齣戲重要的精神，圍繞慶祝的主題允許了一切脫離常理的演出，這讓我們必須要了解到，是什麼樣的轉變，讓原是為主基督降生成肉身，有崇高意念的宗教節日，逐漸轉化成享受生命，脫離秩序的狂歡嘉年華？再者，我們也能從俄國文化理論家巴赫金（M . M. Bakhtin）所提出的嘉年華理論（The Carnivalesque）意涵，來檢視《第十二夜》的劇本中是如何體現。此外，筆者在2008年11月觀賞了由俄國契訶夫戲劇藝術節與英國與您同行（Cheek by Jowl）劇團共同製作，於國家戲劇院演出的「全男班」版《第十二夜》，在這次的演出中，筆者強烈感受到超越文本的場面調度，「全男班」的演出更讓筆者真正了解到所謂的狂歡裝扮，從這裡我們看見了更多屬於劇本之外的「導演狂歡」並且還能一一回溯到文本中，由文本萃煉出來的瘋狂行徑。本文即是連結西方基督思想下的節日慶祝，由聖誕節而起至主顯節，一路演變的宗教思想是如何孕育《第十二夜》的創作。同時，在巴赫金建構的眾人狂歡來印證這樣顛覆的劇中世界。最後，以與您同行劇團演出的《第十二夜》作為回應，對應劇本之外的狂歡作樂。
並列摘要
”Twelfth Night” is widely considered one of William Shakespeare's best comedies. It was written for the celebration of Epiphany for the nobles in the royal courts, therefore was full the atmosphere of festiveness and carnivals.The background of Epiphany, the joyful singing and dancing, the romantic love stories and even the demented talks of the buffoons are all important essence of Twelfth Night. We ought to realize what transformed a spiritual, holy, religious holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus in flesh and blood into a disordered revel. Furthermore, we will examine how M.M. Bakntin's theory of the Carnivalesque was presented in the script of ”Twelfth Night”.By the way, the researcher has watched the ”all-male” version of Twelfth Night by Cheek by Jowl, UK, in the National Theater of Taiwan during the Anton Chekhov International Theatre Festival in November 2008. From the stage, the researcher observed the so-called festive out-fit, experienced a stage arrangement far beyond the original script. The ”all-male” production presented the director's festiveness which responded to the madness written in the script.The dissertation is written to try to demonstrate how the celebration of Christian holidays from Christmas to Epiphany has changed and helped gestate Twelfth Night. Secondly, this dissertation also tries to justify the mass festiveness brought up by Bakhtin that might subvert the world constructed in the script. Finally, this dissertation aims to collaborate the production by Cheek by Jowl with the festiveness and carnivals outside the script.