石油／石化工業之腐蝕破裂損壞

Environmental Cracking in Petroleum Production and Process Industries

陳文璟(Wen-Ching Chen)

《華岡工程學報》 11期 (1997/06) Pp. 87-99

https://doi.org/10.29987/CCUHKJE.199706.0009

摘要

壓力容器與輸送管線承受腐蝕環境影響破裂，在石油／石化工業是經常發生而令人頭痛的大問題。硫化絨張力腐蝕破裂〔SSC〕、氫誘破裂〔HIC〕、張方腐蝕破〔SCC〕所帶來損失，常常是人員傷亡、設價損壞、生產損失、和環境污染。導致這些破裂的反應機構各不相同，因此其預防與解決之對策也各不相同。本文將〔1〕探討硫化物張力腐蝕破裂、氫誘破裂、和張力腐蝕破裂之成因和現象；〔2〕瞭解生產環境、容器／管線材料、和操作張力對環境影響破裂之影響；〔3〕檢討石油／石化工業界遭遇過之環境影響破裂；〔4〕提供因應防範拾施，並介紹如何合乎經濟效益地，解決上述諸環境影響破裂的問題。本文將探討什麼是SSC/HIC/SCC？為什麼SSC/HIC/SCC會發生？那些材料易感染SSC/HIC/SCC？那些腐蝕環境易引起SSC/HIC/SCC？那些地方容易發生SSC/HIC/SCC？和那些措施可以防範SSC/HIC/SCC？這些問題？

並列摘要

The damages of pressure vessels and piping systems suffered from environmental cracking such as sulfide-stress cracking (SSC), hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) are common and serious problems in petroleum producing and processing environments. The consequences of such failures are usually personnel casualties, equipment damages, production losses, and environmental pollution. The mechanisms of SSC, HIC, and SCC are different, therefore the prevention and control measures against these damages are different. This paper explore the causes and failures of SSC/HIC/SDD; evaluates the effects of environments, materials and stresses on SSC/HIC/SDD; analyzes the failures experienced in petroleum industry; and provides the prevention measures. This paper will also explain what SSC, HIC and SCC are; why SSC, HIC and SCC occur; what alloys and environments are susceptible to SSC, HIC and SCC; and where you might expect SSC, HIC and SCC to occur.