奈米碳管之合成、鑑定與應用

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Carbon Nanotubes

施漢章(Han C. Shih)

《華岡工程學報》 23期 (2009/01) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.29987/CCUHKJE.200901.0001

摘要

奈米碳管的誕生是繼C60之後又一重大發現，它是由碳原子所組成之一維圓筒狀結構的新物質；1991年發現的是多層奈米碳管，1993年則觀測到直徑只有1nm的單層奈米碳管。奈米碳管具有碳原子螺旋狀排列特徵，是一般物質所沒有的。因此展現出優異的電性、抗張強度和導熱性質，適合應用在複合材料、奈米碳針、平面顯示器、電池、儲氫材料、氣體感測材料等高科技產品。奈米碳管可用電弧放電、化學蒸鍍、雷射蒸鍍、電漿化學蒸鍍等法合成。合成奈米碳管時，常需使用到觸媒金屬，特別是單層奈米碳管。從基礎科學到工業應用，奈米碳管所涵蓋的科技領域，都持續地受到國內外學者的重視，因此近些年來在奈米碳管的研究與應用都有突飛猛進的發展。

關鍵字

奈米碳管 ； 模板 ； 電子場發射 ； 複合材料 ； 觸媒

並列摘要

The birth of carbon nanotubes is an important result after the discovery of C60 which is a new structure of carbon atoms arranged in a rolled carbon sheet with various chiralities which is so different from other nanostructured materials. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes were discovered in 1991 and later single wall carbon nanotubes with a diameter of ~1nm in 1993. Carbon nanotubes exhibit therefore so unique properties of electricity, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity that make them so useful in composite materials, scanning probes, flat panel displays, electrodic materials, catalyst supports, hydrogen storage, gas sensors, and other high tech materials. Carbon nanotubes have been successfully fabricated by arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, laser evaporation, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, etc. For a wide variety of carbon nanotubes, metal catalysts are often required which is particularly true for the single wall carbon nanotubes. From the basic sciences to the industrial applications carbon nanotubes are consistently the most important issue in nanotechnology which has been constantly emphasized throughout the scientific world, thus leading to significant progresses and major breakthroughs in research and development in recent years.

並列關鍵字

carbon nanotubes ； template ； electron field emission ； composite ； catalyst