宗教與非宗教的共構－論神仙文學之創作

The Co-construction of Religion and Non-religion-The Creation of Immortality Literature

林雪鈴(Xue-Ling Lin)

《應華學報》 2期 (2007/06) Pp. 109-139

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.200706.0109

摘要

神仙文學的研究已蔚然可觀，然而缺乏發展自宗教文學本身，又能彰顯神仙題材創作特色的基礎理論。本文將神仙文學創作的特點，鎖定於神仙題材的宗教性，與文學創作本身的非宗教性，所形成的悖立對顯。並循此悖立，提出「宗教與非宗教共構」之觀點，希望能作為探討神仙文學創作活動及其文藝美學的根據。文中認為：在神仙文學的創作活動中，神仙題材的宗教性，賦予了彼岸高度，而文學的非宗教性，則使此一宗教性題材在創作的過程中，具有書寫創造空間。在此「宗教與非宗教共構」的基礎上，作者得以在書寫神仙時，發動想像力、超越至彼岸高度、暫為主宰、觀照世事，從而獲致遊仙之趣或言志抒懷的效用。而神仙本為立基於人世苦難、集合人性美好願望的綜合體。神仙的追求，反映在想像、宗教、文學中，意義各自不同。其中，透過文學創作所完成的神仙追求，並未如宗教信仰般，改變了苦難的意義、一心仰望仙界的接引。俗世的情感與執著，還是使苦難保有了生命滄桑的份量。於是在神仙文學的創作中，作者既具有彼岸的超越高度、又懷有此岸的世俗執著，竟顧陌彼／此兩岸，形成為「不有超越，怎顯滄桑」、「為有滄桑，更求超越」的特殊美學。

關鍵字

神仙文學 ； 道教文學 ； 宗教文學 ； 創作論

並列摘要

There have been many researches on immortality literature. However, the literary theory which develops from religious literature itself and meanwhile shows forth the features of the topic ”Immortals” is seldom seen. This is the main cause of the thesis. The thesis focuses the features of immortal literature on the mutual conflicts and close relations between the religiosity of the immortals and the non-religiosity of literature creation. The author thinks that this is the distinction of immortal literature and therefore extends the meaning in the viewpoints of the co-construction of religion and non-religion.
The author is mainly of the opinion that in the creation of immortal literature, the religiosity of the immortal provides the depth of that shore. Nevertheless, literary creation is non-religious itself. As a result, this makes room for writing and creating such a religious topic.
On the basis of the co-construction of religion and non-religion, the author can use his imagination in writing about the immortal. He can surpass himself to the depth of that shore, being the arbitrator of the universe and overlooking all the worldly things, and then has the effects of ”遊仙之趣” or”言志抒懷”。
On the other hand, the immortal are originally the basis of all worldly sufferings and the complex of all human wishes. The meanings in the pursuit of the immortal, which are revealed in imagination, religion or literature, are quite different.
Because of the secular affection and persistence, the creation of literature, unlike religious belief, which changes the meaning of suffering and longs for redemption, still holds the gloominess and sorrow for the sufferings.
As a consequence, in the creation of immortal literature, the author, on the one hand, possesses the depth of that shore. On the other hand, he persists in the secularity of this shore. To look after the both sides, the exceptional aesthetics of ”without surpassing, 滄桑would never be revealed” and ”because of 滄桑 transcending can never he more demanding” is thus developed.

並列關鍵字

immortal ； immortality literature ； religious literature ； literature creation