影響馬來西亞華裔學生來臺就讀高等教育之因素與因應之道

Factors Affect Chinese Malaysian Students to Make the Choice of Having Higher Education in Taiwan and the Policy that Needs to Implement under the Trends

卓福安(Toh Hock-An)

《應華學報》 18期 (2016/12) Pp. 107-141

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.201612_(18).0004

摘要

近年來臺灣高等教育正面臨因少子化致使生源逐年減少的危機，因此提高僑生與外籍生之招生率成為重要課題。自1970年代初期以來，基於「文化認同」與「語言背景」之因素，馬來西亞即有許多「僑生」來臺接受高等教育，其人數亦呈穩定之發展。據教育部的統計，2015年馬來西亞在臺灣留學的大專僑外生共有11534名，在世界各國中較在臺留學生人數排名第2的越南之2895名多了大約3倍。馬來西亞學生留臺人數如以單一年度來計算則為1576名，比對聯合國教科文組織的資料，馬來西亞一年的出國留學人數為56260人，換言之臺灣在目前的留學政策下，僅吸收了馬來西亞出國留學生的2.8%強。由此看來，臺灣高等教育對馬來西亞僑外生的吸引力尚有加強之空間。本文擬由「文化認同」、「語言背景」與來臺留學後歸國的馬來西亞僑外生所面臨的「市場需求」等三個角度，探討馬來西亞華人來臺攻讀高等教育之動機。透過解析馬來西亞近一兩年來當地留學臺灣之相關文獻報導及訪談馬來西亞留臺聯總之升學輔導員，了解馬來西亞僑外生出國留學之動機及其考量重點，比對分析當下臺灣高等教育對馬來西亞僑外生的招生策略，以進一步探討臺灣高等教育如何能更有效地吸引馬來西亞僑外生來臺留學。

關鍵字

馬來西亞華裔學生 ； 臺灣高等教育 ； 文化認同 ； 語言背景 ； 市場需求

並列摘要

In recent years, Taiwan's higher education is facing a crisis due to the declining birth rate. As a result, to increase the quantity of the enrollment of foreign students has become an important issue. Since the early 1970s, there have been a lot of ＂overseas Chinese students＂ from Malaysia coming to Taiwan for higher education on the basis of ＂cultural identity＂ and ＂language background＂, and the number of these students has increase steadily over years. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, there are 11534 foreign students from Malaysia in 2015, This number is about 3 times larger than the Vietnamese foreign students, that are 2895 in population. The number of Malaysian students staying in Taiwan is 1576 in a single year in 2015. According to the statics from UNESCO, the total number of Malaysian students studying abroad is 56260, In other words, Taiwan higher education only absorb about 2.8% of the Malaysian students that go oversea and thus there is still room for improvement for Taiwan's higher education to attract foreign students. This paper aims to explore in three perspectives, namely, ＂cultural identity＂, ＂language background＂ and ＂market demand＂, in order to analyze the motivations of the Chinese Malaysian who decided to study abroad and to suggest what policy can be implement in order to attract more Chinese Malaysian students to make Taiwan as their choice for higher education.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Malaysia Students ； Higher Education of Taiwan ； Cultural Identity ； Language Background ； Demand of the Market