兩岸海運直航問題之探討－以基隆港郵輪旅遊發展為例

Examination and Analysis of Direct Cross-Strait Sea Transport: A Study of Cruise Tourism Development at Keelung Harbor

林谷蓉(Ku-Jung Lin)

《海洋文化學刊》 5期 (2008/12) Pp. 187-230

https://doi.org/10.29473/OCJ.200812.0008

摘要

海峽兩岸往來自1987年臺灣政府開放探親開始，迄今已屆滿二十年。兩岸海運的互動早於空運已久，1986年以來，經第三地航行兩岸模式的兩岸海運間接通航已經開始。多年來，兩岸政府的海運直航政策始終持續推動，並因應不同時期制定不同通航政策與模式，民間對於直航議題亦爭議不休。直至(2008)年11月4日，兩岸兩會簽署「海峽兩岸海運協議」，使得兩岸海運、航運界期盼已久的直航，終獲實現。
長期以來，兩岸海上往來只見貨運交流，直航之後開啟客運契機。有別於空運的海上觀光旅遊成為新興旅遊型態，其中之郵輪旅遊產業因兼具「運輸、旅遊、旅館、餐飲、設施、活動」等多元屬性，在亞洲蔚為旅遊風潮，上海、香港與基隆港等港口，目前正朝發展成為亞洲郵輪母港發展。因此，本文亟欲觀察並探討兩岸在開放直航之後，三港口的郵輪旅遊發展與經營現況。
本文透過歷史研究法、文獻分析法與專家訪談等研究方法，嘗試從海運直航下客運發展層面的關懷，首就兩岸直航政策、通航模式與爭議問題，作一背景探索與釐清，繼而比較兩岸三地重要郵輪港之經營現況，最後從基隆港客運業務發展，以及開拓文化觀光視野兩層面，提出因應直航後的我國郵輪旅遊發展策略。

關鍵字

海運直航 ； 郵輪 ； 渡輪 ； 基隆港 ； 文化觀光

並列摘要

The cross-strait sea transport has been on-going for over two decades since the Taiwan government officially allowed cross-strait visits to relatives in 1987. Cross-strait sea transport started earlier than air transport: the indirect cross-strait sea transport via a third location began in 1986. For years, the two governments across the strait have been driving forward policies for direct cross-strait sea transport and formulated different policies at different times, while direct cross-strait transport has been causing quite a controversy in the private sector. The highly expected direct cross-strait sea transport between China and Taiwan was not realized until the ”Cross-strait Sea Transport Agreement” was signed by the two governments on November 4th, 2008.
For a long time, the cross-strait sea transport was limited to only freight. There was a minimum level of passenger transport until direct cross-strait transport was officially allowed. As sea tourism emerged as a new travel alternative to air transport, cruise tourism, which enjoys aspects of ”transport, tourism, hotel, restaurant, facilities, and activities”, became a popular trend in Asia. Harbors of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Keelung are now being developed to be the home ports for Asian cruises. Therefore, this study aims to observe and explore how cruise tourism at the three harbors mentioned above is developed and operated since cross-strait direct transport was officially allowed.
This study combines research methods such as historic research, the literature reviews, and expert interviews. Concerning the development of direct passenger sea transport, this study first explores and clarifies the background issues on policies related to cross-strait direct transport, the navigation mode, and the controversies. Next, it compares cruise operations of the three major harbors in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Finally, the study proposes strategies for cruise tourism development in Taiwan after direct cross-strait transport by looking at the business development of passenger transport at Keelung Harbor and the broader vision of cultural tourism.

並列關鍵字

direct maritime link ； cruise ； ferry ； Keelung harbor ； cultural tourism

參考文獻

中華民國國際工商文經交流協會、全球觀光旅遊發展委員會(2005)。第一屆第一次會議參考資料。臺北:中華民國國際工商文經交流協會。

包嘉源(2008)。兩岸直航談判　準備好了嗎。中國時報時論廣場。

行政院大陸委員會(2003)。兩岸「直航」之影響評估。臺北:行政院大陸委員會。

「海峽兩岸海運協議」相關說明－第二次「江陳會談」成果（海運篇）

2002~2007年交通統計要覽