臺灣的海洋觀光與地方發展－以休閒漁業為例

在休閒觀光活動已成為人們生活一部份的今日，觀光產業有著「本世紀的金礦」美稱，海洋觀光也日漸扮演多元發展的角色。臺灣四周環海，卻因昔日之海禁政策，導致人們普遍懼海遠海，使得海洋觀光發展受限。當政府解嚴之後，隨著週休二日制的實施和人民旅遊活動項目的增加，海洋休憩活動成為一種新的選擇。在多態樣的海洋觀光種類之中，「休閒漁業」異軍突起，諸如娛樂漁船、海釣、賞鯨豚、觀光魚市、休閒漁港、水族館等，一方面成為人民假日休閒的新方式，另一方面更成為帶動縣市地方發展的新模式。面臨全球化衝擊下的地方發展，經常以發揮在地自然或人文特色活絡其地方區域經濟，在當地政府與民間組織、當地住民共同合作之下，共同促進地方繁榮。對於休閒漁業的推展，部份縣市更有朝向「休閒漁業產業化」的作法，藉由其休閒漁業帶動該地全面經濟發展，以彰顯該地方之獨特性與價值。因此，本文希冀從海洋觀光與地方發展的角度，探討臺灣的海洋觀光發展歷程，包含法令與政策、內容，以及地方發展理論與策略。此外，針對臺灣「休閒漁業」與地方發展之面向加以探究，繼而以基隆市為例，剖析其海洋觀光和休閒漁業之發展與現況、城市轉型發展規劃，及其之間的關係。

關鍵字

海洋觀光；地方發展；休閒漁業；全球在地化

並列摘要

Nowadays, leisure tourism activities have become one part of people's lives. The tourist industry has a laudatory calling as the ”gold mine in this century,” and marine tourism plays a multi-dimensional developing role day after day. Taiwan is surrounded by the ocean, but due to the prohibition policy in the past days, people are afraid of going out to the ocean, hindering development of marine tourism. Since martial law was lifted, followed by implementation of two-day weekends that led to an increase in tourism, the marine leisure activity has become a fresh alternative. In multi-dimensional varieties of marine tourism, ”leisure fishery” as a new force has suddenly come to the fore: e.g., leisure fishing boats, recreational fishing, enjoying whales and dolphins watching, tourist fish market, leisure fishing ports, and aquariums. These not only become new leisure activities for people but also push forward new local development mode for counties. Facing severe shock of globalization, we usually emphasize the characteristics of local nature and humanistic culture to promote local economy. The cooperation of regional government, civil society organizations and local residents promotes local prosperity. Moreover, to promote leisure fishery, some counties or regions work toward ”industrialization of leisure fishery.” By developing leisure fishery, the overall local economy prospers, manifesting uniqueness and value of the locale. This article explores Taiwan's marine leisure development from a perspective of marine tourism and local development, including laws, policies, content, and theory/strategy. Besides probing Taiwan leisure fishery and local economic growth, this study takes Keelung City as an example to analyze its recent development of marine tourism and leisure fishery, the scheme of city transformation, and relations between them.