近海古樸的山城：從地域文化看蘇軾詞的密州書寫

作家、作品與地域文化間有密切關係，而且，這種關係在作家作品中都有不同程度的反映。尤其值得注意的是蘇軾（1037-1101）的廿一首密州詞中，有高達半數反映了密州地域在自然與人文上的特徵，同時，也透顯了他對密州「地域性」特色的特殊「人文感應」，是探求蘇軾在密的心靈世界及形成原因的另一種研究取徑。本文試圖參酌相關方志史料、地域文化理論、文化空間學說，透過蘇軾相關的十首詞作及其相關詩文，從山水風物的歷時性書寫中，採察出蘇軾兩年來對密州這座近海的山城由陌生、適應、關愛到歸屬的情感變化軌跡;從民情習俗的書寫中，抉發出蘇軾對個人生命與政治理想的深層思索，透顯出融合儒家用世與道家曠達的人生哲學。同時，也體察出蘇軾在與密州清幽、古樸、豪邁的地域文化互動中，詞作亦同步反映出懷古、言志的新內容與豪放超曠的新詞風;從而肯定了密州的地域文化，對蘇軾詞作題材的擴大與風格的轉變所具有的重要意義。

關鍵字

地域文化；蘇軾；宋詞；密州

並列摘要

An intimate link connects writer, work and regional culture. Each aspect to varying degrees forges the work. And it is well worth noting that of Su's 21 Ci-poems; almost half contain references to the natural or cultural characteristics of the Mizhou region. This revealed, we now explore Su's spirit world in Mizhou and its formation, through his distinct humanistic sense of regional characteristics. This study uses relevant historical, geographical, and cultural theory. Through the ten most relevant Ci-poems of Su and their related works, we trace the trajectory of emotions from strangeness, adaption, solicitude, to attribution from the diachronic writing of scenery.We also review his reflections on human life and political ideals from the writing of local customs, and this is reflected in his philosophy that merges the essence of Confucianism with philosophical Taoism as can be felt in the poet's interaction with Mizhou culture that is boldly unsophisticated and unrestrained. And the poet here masters a rare nostalgia and ambition that each stanza boldly conveys.This work as a mirror of Mizhou regional culture is of a great importance and shows an expansion of the subject matter and transformation of style in Su's Ci-poems.