冷戰局勢裡的第三清德丸事件－東亞冷戰與琉球、釣魚臺問題

Daisan Seitoku Maru Incident in the Cold War Period: The Ryukyu and Diaoyutai Issues during the East Asian Cold War

任天豪(Jen, Tien-Hao)

《海洋文化學刊》 22期 (2017/06) Pp. 57-87

摘要

傳統上對「冷戰」的理解或論述，未必符合冷戰期間的真實國際狀況。而戰後東亞唯一的安理會常任理事國「中華民國」，面對在種族、文化、政治、經濟等面向皆與歐美差異極大的東亞政局，不能簡單以「兩極對立」的單一格局看待。而需檢視是否即在個別之「極」的內部中，亦有各種方面的考量與取捨，方才形成表面上對立的全球格局。在此思考下，東亞各相關勢力的互動狀況。便成為值得深入探討的議題。琉球因其在歷史上，具有「獨立國」、「中國朝貢國」、「中日兩屬國」、「日本領土」等諸多性質，戰後又再成為「美國軍事占領地」，是以涉及中、日、美及琉球本身等四重政治及文化地位，於是乃具備所謂東亞「民主陣營」。內部性質的檢驗價值。而在1955年的東亞海域上，正由在臺灣的中華民國政府積極進行著「關閉政策」盼藉對大陸沿海的封鎖行動，阻斷他國對中共統治地區的貿易或援助。然因此一「關閉」政策實受美國暗中支持，故當執行之際遭迎美國勢力時，關閉政策便有可能產生其他意料之外的影響。該年所發生的琉球「第三清德丸」遇襲事件，即一足堪探究的國際事件。

關鍵字

第三清德丸事件 ； 琉球／沖繩 ； 釣魚臺／尖閣 ； 東亞冷戰史

並列摘要

It is usually acknowledged that the Cold War was a duel between the USA and the Soviet Union. But in East Asia, that may not have been the case. After all, the Republic of China was the only Asian country to hold a permanent seat on the five-member United Nations Security Council. With a distinct culture and history, it faced very different post-war conditions than those in the USA and the Soviet Union. Therefore, the Cold War history of East Asia should be viewed in a different way from the traditional West-East confrontation. In fact, from a domestic perspective, the Cold War actually broadened global horizons and understanding. The Ryukyus may serve as a good example, since they spurred greater international relations. This article focuses on an issue in 1955, called the ＂Daisan Seitoku Maru Incident＂. When the ＂Port-closure Policy＂ of the ROC was executed in the area, it was surreptitiously supported by the USA. As a result, the reaction and policy of the ROC in the region would have varied as the attitude of the USA changed. The Daisan Seitoku Maru Incident provides one case to follow up.

並列關鍵字

Daisan Seitoku Maru Incident ； Ryukyu/Okinawa ； Diaoyutai/Senkaku ； Cold War International History in East Asia

參考文獻

'Statement of Policy by the National Security Council' 1953/11/06, “United States Department of State/ Foreign relations of the United States, 1952-1954. China and Japan in two parts 1952-1954: The China area,” p.278-282; 307-330.

'Telgram From the Secretary of State to the Department of State' 1955/03/04, “United States Department of State/ Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. China 1955-1957”

Andrew Gordon (Editor), Postwar Japan as History, Berkeley: University of California Press, Oct. 20 1993.

Anthony McGrew and Christopher Brook（Eds）, Asia-Pacific in the New World Order, London: Routledge in association with The Open University, 1998.

Christopher Hummer and Peter J. Katzenstein, “Why is There No NATO in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism”, International Organization, 56:3, August 2002.