殷墟花東卜辭見、（戶攵）、爯對比研究

近出花園莊東地，發現有字甲骨561版。其中見（獻）、（戶攵）、爯是常見的三個具有進獻用義的動詞，主要出現在貞問子進獻婦好或丁的辭例中。學者一般多理解為「進獻」、「奉獻」的意思。如果通盤檢視花東卜辭中三詞的辭例，可以發現三詞雖然都具有進獻義，但在貞問的重點上卻存在差異。見（獻）字的貞問重心在進獻者，如「子呼多宁見（獻）于婦好」（37：21），即貞問子是否呼令多宁向婦好進獻貢品。（戶攵）字的貞問重心在祭品的種類、數量，如「□璧（戶攵）丁」（198：10）、「□琡（戶攵）丁」（198：12），即貞問子要進獻璧或琡給丁。而爯字貞問重點則是進獻的時間、地點，如「于庭爯琡□」（29：4）、「□今夕爯琡□」（149：2），乃貞問進獻琡及□的時間及地點，根據此貞問內容可以進一步得知「爯」應該是一個已經確定舉行的進獻儀式，需要透過占卜獲得儀式舉行的時間和地點。本文嘗試通盤比較花東卜辭共同具有進獻義的見、（戶攵）、爯三詞辭例，從貞問重點、句型變化等角度探討三詞詞義間的差別。

關鍵字

花東卜辭；見；（戶攵）；爯；進獻動詞

並列摘要

East of the Huayuan Village, within the Yin Ruins, scholars unearthed 561 oracle bones and tortoise shells bearing inscriptions. Amongst all these plated inscriptions, the characters jian, qi, and cheng are found. These three distinct characters are generally believed to have been common verbs used when presenting offerings. These three verbs mainly appear during a divination, when asking determining whether an offering should be presented to Ding or to his spouse Fuhao. Scholars generally understand the meaning of these characters as ＂to offer as tribute＂ or ＂to present as an offering.＂ After carefully analyzing these three characters on the bones and tortoise shells unearthed east of the Huayuan Village, one can conclude that even though all three characters mean ＂to offer as a tribute＂, they each have slightly different connotations with respect the divination process. The character jian emphasizes the person making the offering, as can be seen in plate (37:21). In this case, the verb indicates whether or not Duoning should indeed present the offering to Fuhao or not. The character qi suggests the type and quantity of sacrificial offering. In plate (198:10) and (198:12), for example, it is clear that the offer should either be a round flat piece of jade with a whole in the middle or different type of sacrificial offering. Finally, the character cheng emphasizes the time and place of the offering. In plates (29:4) and (149:2), importance of the divination centers on time and place--when chu and □ should be offered as a tribute. Furthermore, it is possible to infer that the character cheng suggests a ceremonial tribute held sometime after which something has already been decided. However, even after divination has resulted in a decision, it is imperative to again pursue divination in order to determine the most suitable time and place for the ceremony. This study compares all the occurrences of characters jian, qi, and cheng as they appear on the bones and tortoise shells unearthed east of the Huayuan Village. I determine the syntactical nuance of each of the three characters and how each is used in the formation of a sentence.