韓戰期間中美協防臺海政策的演變（1950－1953）

The Sino-U.S. Mutual Defense Policy Evolutions of the Taiwan Strait Offshore Islands Area (1950-1953)

袁興言(Yuan, Shing-Yen)

《海洋文化學刊》 29期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-43

摘要

1950年6月27日，美國杜魯門總統曾經發佈著名的臺灣海峽中立命令。至於當時美方第7艦隊是認真執行臺灣海峽中立政策，而不惜犠牲國府駐守的外島？或是由於偏袒支持國府，而對外島地區的反共軍事活動採取放任或暗助的態度？對於以上疑問的解答，本文根據國府國防部檔案顯示：美方主張海峽中立與國府堅守外島的矛盾，曾經在韓戰爆發初期存在將近8個月之久。之後由於中共志願軍介入韓戰的影響，美方在1951年2月中旬的中美海軍會談主動改變政策，劃出通往金門的安全航道。也就是說，在1953年2月2日艾森豪總統公開宣示解除海峽中立的2年之前，美國就已經在1951年初實際改變了原本的海峽中立政策。而在聯合國決議的支持，以及國家安全會議及參謀總長聯席會議的指導之下，美方太平洋總部及第7艦隊形成了新的共同應用臺澎與外島以支援韓戰戰事之政策。

關鍵字

冷戰 ； 韓戰 ； 臺海 ； 臺灣 ； 金門

並列摘要

On June 27, 1950, President Truman issued the famous Taiwan Strait Neutralization Order. In this context, ths article examines whether the US Seventh Fleet strictly implemented this policy and abandoned the offshore islands islands governed by the R. O. C? Or didthe Fleet take sides with the R.O.C. government and adoptnot only a laissez-faire but also secretly assisting attitude towards anti-communist military activities on the offshore islands islands? To answer the above question, the author reviewed the Archives of MND of ROC and learned that there had been a policy conflict between the U.S. government's Neutralization Order and R.O.C. government's order to guard the offshore islands islands for almost 8 months. But after the Chinese People's Volunteer Army engaged several bloody battles with the UN Army in the Korean, the CINCPAC replaced the early Inner Defense Policy with the new Safety Fairway Policy. In other word, almost two years before the Neutralization Order officially being issued by President Eisenhower on February 2, 1953, US had actually already changed its Neutralization Order. Base on the UN Resolution, NSC, and JCS report, the CINCPAC and Seventh Fleet developed a new policywhich utilized Taiwan, Penghu and the offshore islands islands as common support bases for the military needs in the Korean Battlefield.

並列關鍵字

Cold War ； Korean War ； the Taiwan Strait Area ； Taiwan (Formosa) ； Kinmen (Quemoy)

參考文獻

Message From the President to the Congress, February 2, 1953, [Extract]. FRUS 1952-1954 Volume XIV China and Japan, part 1, p.140. DC: US. Government Printing Office, 1985.

NSC 101, January 12, 1951. FRUS 1951, KOREA AND CHINA, VOLUME VII, PART 1, p.71.

Statement by the President, Truman on Korea,” June 27, 1950, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Public Papers of the Presidents, Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953. （http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/116192, 2020/11/15 accessed）.

(聯合國大會第498號決議紀錄),1951/2/1，第327次全體會議，聯合國文件中心藏( https://undocs.org/zh/A/PV.327 )

(聯合國大會第500號決議紀錄),1951/5/18，第330次全體會議，聯合國文件中心藏( https://undocs.org/zh/A/PV.330)