集中審理制度之新審理原則

民事訴訟法於1999年至2003年間經大幅度之修正，其中最重要之改革係採行集中審理制度。為改善舊法時代所採行併行審理主義及隨時提出主義之弊端，乃採用爭點集中審理主義及適時提出主義，前者要求法院將訴訟事件之審理劃分成爭點整理階段及集中調查證據階段，進行有計劃性的審理，後者要求當事人依訴訟進行程度，於適當時期提出攻擊防禦方法，善盡其協力迅速進行訴訟之義務。而且，為擴大訴訟制度解決紛爭之功能，採行紛爭集中審理主義，放寬第一、二審有關訴之變更、追加及提起反訴之限制。並且，為確保上述諸審理原則之實現，同時採用協同主義，擴大法官闡明義務之範圍，要求法官協力於當事人之提訴（訴之變更、追加及提起反訴）及提出攻擊防禦方法。此等新審理原則均分別具體化於增修條文規定中，而各有其法理根據，藉以達成審理集中化之目標。由上述諸審理原則所構成之集中審理制度成為晚近民事司法改革之要項，其已更動向來是認之民事訴訟程序基本結構，並改變傳統相沿成習之審理模式。

關鍵字

民事司法改革；集中審理制度；爭點集中審理主義；紛爭集中審理主義；適時提出主義；協同主義；直接審理主義；爭點整理；失權制我；闡明義務

並列摘要

The most significant revolution in the amendatory civil procedure form 1999 to 2003 was the adoption of system of concentrated trial. For getting rid of the disadvantage of principles of consolidation trial and pleading in free time, we adopt principles of concentrated trial and pleading in the due time, which mean that the court must divide the trial into procedures of issue-joinder and evidence-investigation for systematic trial, and parties must make pleadings in the due time, comply with progresses of trial, and fulfill their obligation to assist in a fluent trial. Moreover, for broadening the function of actions to resolution of disputes, we adopt the principle of concentration of disputes and loose the restriction on the change of actions, addition of actions, and counterclaim in court of first instance and appeal. Furthermore, to realize principles above, we also accept principle of cooperation, which expands the scope of duty of judiciary clarification and asks judges to cooperate with parties’ actions (the change of actions, addition of actions, and counterclaim) and make pleadings. These principles are concreted in amendatory articles with their own theories in order to reach the goal of concentrated trial. System of concentrated trial consisting of principles above becomes the emphasis of contemporary revolution in civil judiciary, and it had changed the foundation of civil procedure, furthermore, it had shifted the traditional model of trial.