德國公務員制度之最新變革：兼論我國文官制度的危機

德國公務員制度在近幾年內有重大的變革，其主要原因除德國基本法聯邦制之改革、歐盟化及全球化的影響外，其大量的鉅額財政赤字，也是促使德國改革其公務員制度的原因之一。德國公務員制度的改革，不僅在聯邦層次的法律有重大的變革，在各邦公務員法律，亦有甚鉅大的變化，其改革的目標，在於減少國庫之沈重負擔，強化工作績效，對抗公務員之貪腐行為，以及促進工作的彈性化，乃成為其努力追尋的目標。最令人矚目的是：各邦公務員法，因為中央聯邦權限之下放，而逐漸形成各邦的相互競爭狀況，而且各邦改革幅度亦大，尤其在公務員任用陞遷、俸給及退撫照顧上，各邦立法機關擁有立法權，所以逐漸形成各邦競逐優秀人力的結果。最後乃將重點轉回國內，本論文亦一併檢討我國公務員制度的四大危機：效能、彈性、貪腐及財政，並提出本文的具體建議，以供決策及修法之參考。

關鍵字

公務員制度改革；歐盟化；全球化；聯邦制改革；績效；彈性；公務員權利與義務；貪腐行為；國庫負擔

並列摘要

German civil servant system has been through significant changes in the recent years. The major reason for such changes is reform of federalism in German Basic Law, Europeanization and globalization. A large amount of financial deficit also propelled the reform of the civil servant system, which not only changed the law in the federal level but also in the state level. The objectives of the reform are reducing heavy burdens of government budgets, strengthening work performance, fighting officials' corruption, and enhancing flexibility of the way civil servants work. Civil servant law of each state worth most attention upon as the power of federal government has been delegated to the state government so that states have been in competition with each other. Moreover, the scale of reform among each state is also large, especially in the aspects of promotion, wage and pension. Each state has its own power of legislation, resulting states' competing for outstanding workforce. In conclusion, this research turns its focus back to Taiwan's four major civil servant legal issues, including efficiency, flexibility, corruption, and finance. Concrete suggestions are proposed to serve as reference for future policy making and legislation.

並列關鍵字

reform on civil servant law ； Europeanization ； globalization ； reform on federalism ； performance ； flexibility ； rights and duties of civil servants ； corruption ； government budget deficits